Imperialism

Old vs. New  Old  3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory  1500’s & 1600’s  Search for new routes to Asia  Competition in the newly discovered lands of the Americas  New  Roots in the Industrial Revolution  1800’s & 1900’s  Need for natural resources to fuel the IR  Markets for the manufactured products

Imperialism  What? A powerful nation establishes control over a weaker nation or territory  Why?  Industrialization requires resources/raw materials; extractive economies  Military bases  Political and economic power worldwide  Social Darwinism “survival of the fittest”  Spread Christianity and western values  Humanitarian reasons – help “uncivilized” people (“White Man’s Burden”)  Where? Primarily Africa, Asia

Imperialism  Africa  Nearly every nation colonized  Germany, France, GB, Belgium, Dutch, etc.  Southeast Asia  France – Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)  Dutch – Indonesia  GB – Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar (Burma)

Imperialism  India - Great Britain  India, “jewel in the crown”, massive population, large market for British goods, lots of resources  Sepoys – Indian soldiers  Sepoy Mutiny – rose up against British, put down but showed animosity towards GB  As a result, GB establishes direct control of India  Benefits: railroads, communications, roads, bridges, dams, sanitation, schools  Hardships: racism, oppressed people, didn’t respect their culture, forced to grow cash crops (many starved)

Imperialism  China – several countries  Spheres of Influence – regions of control  Open Door Policy – trade with Europe  Boxer Rebellion – anti foreigner, put down by multi-national forces  U.S.  Supported Cuba’s independence from Spain  Spanish American War (1898)  Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico gained as a result

Resources in Africa  Wheat, oats, olives  Petroleum, coffee  Bananas, maize  Diamonds, cotton  Manganese, nuts  Limestone  Livestock, fish, salt  Uranium, vanilla  Rice, copper  Rubber, timber  Copper, cobalt, zinc  Sheep, goats, iron ore  Lentils, palm oil  Cocoa, pineapples  Bauxite, rubies  Sugarcane, graphite  Dates, tea, sugar  Coconuts, cinnamon  Vanilla, cashew nuts  Barley, poultry  Phosphate, coal  Sorghum, yams, citrus

Impact  Positives  Humanitarian efforts improved sanitation, health, education, hospitals  Life spans and literacy increased  Infrastructures improved – railroads, dams, roads, bridges, telephone, telegraph lines  Negatives  Countries lost control and independence  Many died from diseases  Subjugated and persecuted  Lost property  Division of continents  Later most nations will establish independence!