This map shows Americans’ ancestry, or roots, by county This map shows Americans’ ancestry, or roots, by county. A third of all Americans describe their ancestors as German, Irish, or English. Almost a tenth identify their ancestors as African-American. Migration

Migration: The movement of people from one place in the world to another place, usually across a political boundary, to live in a new place.

Types of Migration Immigration: people move to a new country (Immigrants) Internal Migration: Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent. External Migration: Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent.

Types of Migration (Cont’d) Emigration: people leave from a country to move to another (Emigrants)

Types of Migration (Cont’d) Involuntary Migration: When a government forces a large group of people out of a region Usually based on ethnicity or religion. Ex: Native Americans forced on reservations, Japanese Internment Camps during WWII

Why Do People Migrate? People consider the advantages and disadvantages of moving These are called Push Factors and Pull Factors

Push Factors: Pull Factors: Reasons for emigrating (leaving a place) Reasons for immigrating (moving into a place)

Types of Push/Pull Factors: Environmental: Climate or natural disaster Ex: New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina Political: War, Persecution Ex: Iraqis fleeing to neighboring countries

Types of Push/Pull Factors: (Cont’d) Economic: Work Ex: Migrant workers from Mexico follow harvests Cultural: Religious freedom, education Ex: The first colonists in N. America

Refugee: A person who is residing outside the country of his origin due to fear of persecution for his race, religion, nationality, or political views.

Laws of Migration Formed in the 1880s by E.G. Ravenstein Most migrants travel only a short distance. Migrants traveling long distances usually settle in urban areas. Most migration occurs in steps. Most migration is rural to urban. Most migrants are adults. Most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female.

What is Colonization? A group of people leave their native country to form a new settlement connected with the parent nation Ex: The original 13 colonies New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Why make a Colony? (cont.) Colonies produced raw materials (like tobacco, furs, cotton) These were sold to the mother country The mother country produced finished goods The mother country sells finished back to the colonies

Imperialism: Empire building, or, one nation using force to gain control over foreign territories

European nations used industrial technology to overpower lesser developed nations for money and power Imperialism (cont.) Ex: England built the world’s largest empire on five continents

Imperialism in Africa Europeans began trading in Africa in the 1200s Interested in gold, ivory, textiles, and later, slaves By the 1800s Europe needed more raw materials for industry

From Colonies to Countries Africans benefited from education and city development Mid-1900s: educated Africans launched independence movements By the second half of the century most were independent

From Colonies to Countries (cont.) Africa has been struggling since independence Rival ethnic groups fight for power Europe did not care to help Africa develop its infrastructure Many European and American companies are only interested in finding ways to obtain African resources

From Colonies to Countries 1914 Today