Alliances in Europe What European alliances existed before WWI?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Alliances and the First World War: Essential Background - Fact 1 World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe.
Advertisements

Rise of Nationalism I. NATIONALISM A. deep devotion to ones country
 What is foreign policy?  Give some examples of foreign policy.  Typically, what are countries trying to achieve with their foreign policy?
World War I Introduction.
Long-term Causes of WWI IB History of the America’s Year 2 Quarter 1 Causes, Practices, and Effects of War.
World War One Causes.
Setting the Stage for War
The Great War World War I
 World War I Dates:  Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I):  Great Britain (England) France Germany  Austria-HungaryRussia.
CH 22. Background and Causes  The causes of WWI are usually put into four MAIN categories:  Militarism  Alliances  Imperialism  Nationalism.
International Rivalry and the Coming of War
THE FIRST WORLD WAR: ITS ORIGINS EUROPE ON THE VERGE OF WAR 1914 A German view of European relationships in 1914.
The Great War Learning Targets 1.I can identify the four main causes of World War I 2.I can define Nationalism and Militarism 3.I can Identify.
World War I and the Russian Revolution
Section 1 chp 14 pp Setting the Scene By 1914, Europe had enjoyed a century of relative peace. Many idealists hoped for a permanent end to the.
How and why did the Alliance System form?
International Conflicts and Threats to Peace in the 20th Century
World War I Chapter 19. M.A.I.N. World War I part 1.
Europe in the 1890s.
France Done..
Alliances and Rivalries of World War I
World History Chapter 17- World War I Section 1- The Seeds of War.
Mr. Mize.  M-Militarism  A-Alliances  I-Imperialism  N-Nationalism.
: World War I : World War I The War that was SUPPOSED to end all Wars!
Chapter 14 – World War I and Its Aftermath Section 1 – The Stage is Set.
THE ROAD TO WAR The division of Europe into two armed camps.
World War I. What was WWI? The First World War / The Great War / The War to End all Wars (European) Global conflict, million soldiers mobilized,
Long Term Causes of WWI. Bismarck’s web of alliances  After 1870 – Kaiser Wilhelm and chancellor Bismarck didn’t pursue aggressive foreign policy. 
The road to war in Europe
Causes of World War I. Entangling Alliances An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed When.
With a neighbor, discuss what you know about WWI. List at least 5 of the things you discussed WORK WITH A PARTNER.
Causes and Conflict WORLD WAR I. MAINMAIN THE FOUR MAIN CAUSES OF WWI.
Understanding the ‘alliance system’ (if you can!) It is important to remember right from the start, that these alliance were complex and that they OFTEN.
Bismarckian System & “Sick Man of Europe” Apparently Biz Knew What He Was Doing After All.
Marching Toward War Chapter 13 Section 1.  WWI - Roots of War.asx WWI - Roots of War.asx.
Long Term Causes of WWI. Bismarck’s web of alliances  After 1870 – Kaiser Wilhelm I and chancellor Otto Von Bismarck didn’t pursue aggressive foreign.
Revision Session 4 The Road to War: The Alliance System.
The Road to World War I. Congress of Berlin Dominated by Bismarck Demolished the Treaty of San Stefano much to Russia’s humiliation New Bulgarian state.
EUROPE: THE ROLE OF BISMARCK. Who was Bismarck? ● Born in 1815 into a wealthy land-owning family. ● 1862: Chief Minister of Prussia. ● Secured the UNIFICATION.
The Great War – WWI Ch. 29, Sec. 1 Advanced World History Adkins.
UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I/GREAT WAR a pronounceable name made up of a series of initial letters or parts of words; for example, UNESCO for the United.
How and why did the Alliance System form? L/O – To understand the key features of the alliance system before 1914 Starter – How was the most powerful nation.
Origins of the Great War. The World c.1900 Still mostly dominated by European powers Industrial revolution led to major social and political changes –E.g.
German Empire & Alliance Systems ( ). Bismarck Leadership Goals –No further territorial gains –France (friend or isolation) Friend 
INTERNATIONAL RIVALRIES AND CRISES IN THE BALKANS
Road to World War One.
Emergence of the Alliance System
How/why did the Alliance System form?
World War I Mr. Mize.
Long Term Causes of WWI.
The Great War
Causes of World War I = “M.A.N.I.A.”
The Causes of WWI.
The Lead Up: EQ: How did events in Europe lead to the most catastrophic war in the history of humanity up to that point?
World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924)
WORLD WAR I.
Essential Background - Fact 1
Essential Background - Fact 1
Europe Pre-WWI 13.1.
World War I.
The Alliances.
A number of factors lead to WWI which had an impact on the world.
THE LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE WAR
Essential Background - Fact 1
Essential Background - Fact 1
Essential Background - Fact 1
World War I Chapter 29.
World War I.
Causes of WWI    .
Causes of WWI - MAIN M = Militarism A = Alliance Systems
Presentation transcript:

Alliances in Europe What European alliances existed before WWI? How did alliances create conflict among European nations?

Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) France was defeated in its war with Germany (Prussia). To secure peace, France had to give the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany. France was very angry over this and its policy for revanche (revenge) against Germany was more firmly established. Germany, under Bismarck, wanted to keep France isolated to limit France’s ability to attack Germany. “I don’t like so many Frenchmen in our house who do not want to be there.” (On the annexation of Lorraine)

Three Emperors’ League, 1881 In the 1900s, Germany was under the guidance of Chancellor Bismarck. He believed the best way to protect Germany was to maintain good relationships with neighbouring European countries. To achieve this he negotiated several alliances. One was with Austria-Hungary and Russian, the Three Emperors’ League. This main reason this agreement was negotiated - it protected two of Germany’s borders.

Triple Alliance, 1882 Bismarck also negotiated an alliance that united Italy and Austria-Hungary with Germany. Italy was angry over France’s occupation of Tunisia. It was happy to join the Triple Alliance protect itself from France. This agreement, as well as the Re-Insurance agreement with Russia further ensured Germany’s safety.

Germany’s Alliances Change In 1890, Kaiser Wilhelm II fired Bismarck and pursued a different path. He refused to sign the Re-Insurance Treaty with Russia because Russia had signed agreements with Bulgaria and Romania. Pan-Slavism was in conflict with Pan-Germanism and the territorial expansion plans of Austria-Hungary, Germany’s ally.

Franco-Russian Alliance, 1892 Russia felt abandoned and threatened. Russia and France signed an alliance treaty in 1892 to protect themselves from the Triple Alliance. The Franco-Russian Alliance was seen as a threat to Germany, however. The situation Bismarck had worked so hard to prevent was reality - Germany would now have to defend itself on two fronts in any future conflicts!

Anglo-Japanese Naval Agreement, 1902 Imperialism resulted in competition over the resources of China among Russia, Japan and Great Britain. After Japan defeated Russia, it agreed to strengthen its naval agreements with Britain. Japan and Britain signed the Anglo-Japanese Naval Agreement in 1902. The two powers agreed to remain neutral in any war fought by the other to preserve the status quo and to join the other in any war fought against two powers. This agreement allowed Britain to focus on protecting itself in the European area, a growing concern because of its arms race with Germany.

Entente Cordiale, 1904 Britain became increasingly concerned over Germany’s growing military. It had wanted to sign treaties with Germany, but it could not support the actions of Germany’s ally Austria-Hungary. Britain decided to enter an Entente Cordiale (friendly agreement) with France. France and Britain set aside imperialistic rivalry to establish a defensive partnership. Europe’s two largest military powers were now in opposite camps.

Triple Entente, 1907 Russia signed the Triple Entente with Britain and France to counter the actions of Austria-Hungary (and its ally Germany) in the Balkans. In 1914, Europe was divided between the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia). Some thought this balance of power would keep any power from aggressive action against another.

The Balkans Russia supported the Slav nations of Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria in their desire to be independent Slav nation-states. This policy (Pan-Slavism) was in direct conflict with the national interests of Austria-Hungary.

Alliances in 1914 By 1914, the disputes over the Balkans and other borders were increasingly creating conflict between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.

Colonial Map of Africa, 1914 Examine the map closely. What does it tell you about the distribution of power before WWI?

Borders of Europe, 1914 In 1878, the Congress of Berlin divided territories formally under Turkey’s control between Russia and Austria-Hungary. Russia gained the western provinces; Serbia was freed from Turkish rule; and temporary control over Bosnia and Herzegovina was given to Austria-Hungary. Remember Pan-Slavism? How did this division interfere with that national goal?

Colonial Map of World, 1914 Colonies were considered allies of the nation that had colonized them. When the mother colony went to war, so did the colony. What would this mean for Canada?

Summary Bismarck, in many ways a master strategist of the 19th century warned what would happen after Wilhelm II abandoned the policy of preventive warfare: "A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one." (On France) "Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans," (Prediction on what would provoke the next war) Another political theorist, Machiavelli, advised statesmen to: … keep your friends close, but your enemies closer. Alliances made among European nations from 1870-1907 were a big factor in the start of WWI. How might the strategies of Bismarck and Machiavelli have prevented WWI?