Section 1: Setting the Stage for War CHAPTER 18 World War I and the Russian Revolution Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Objectives: Describe the factors that led to World War I. Explain why the Balkans were called a “powder keg”. Describe how the countries of Europe were aligned at the beginning of the war.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Another Perspective Count Franz von Harrach rode on the running board of the royal car serving as a bodyguard for the Archduke. His account begins immediately after Princip fires his two shots. "As the car quickly reversed, a thin stream of blood spurted from His Highness's mouth onto my right check. As I was pulling out my handkerchief to wipe the blood away from his mouth, the Duchess cried out to him, 'In Heaven's name, what has happened to you?' At that she slid off the seat and lay on the floor of the car, with her face between his knees. I had no idea that she too was hit and thought she had simply fainted with fright. Then I heard His Imperial Highness say, 'Sopherl, Sopherl, don't die. Stay alive for the children!' At that, I seized the Archduke by the collar of his uniform, to stop his head dropping forward and asked him if he was in great pain. He answered me quite distinctly, 'It's nothing!' His face began to twist somewhat but he went on repeating, six or seven times, ever more faintly as he gradually lost consciousness, 'It's nothing!' Then, after a short pause, there was a violent choking sound caused by the bleeding. It was stopped as we reached the Konak."

Bell Ringer 18.1: Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Bell Ringer 18.1: What alliances existed in Europe at the outbreak of World War I? Complete the following graphic map.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Opposing Alliances at Outbreak of War 1907 1879 1904 1894 1882 1882 Triple Entente Triple Alliance

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War The Funeral of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom occurred on Friday, 20 May 1910. It was one of the largest gatherings of European royalty ever to take place, and one of the last before war ended the era of European royalty.

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Rivalries in the Balkans and over colonies as the Big Dogs competed will push the world to the edge.

By the early 1900s Europe was plunging toward war. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War By the early 1900s Europe was plunging toward war. Four factors fueled this plunge . . .

NATIONALISM Various ethnic groups wanted political unity. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War NATIONALISM Various ethnic groups wanted political unity.

IMPERIALISM Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War IMPERIALISM The Great Powers had already come close to war over Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world that they had wanted to colonize and control.

MILITARISM Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War MILITARISM European leaders believed they could achieve their goals through the threat or use of force. If one nation were to mobilize – other nations would mobilize in self-defense. The Total Defence Expenditure of the Powers (in million £ ) (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Britain, France and Russia) 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War 1906 Great Britain launched the world’s first modern battleship – HMS Dreadnought.

SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES The unification of Germany and that of Italy had changed the balance of power in Europe.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Anglo-Russian Entente 1907 Russia Great Britain Franco-Russia Alliance 1893 Three Emperors League 1873 Entente Cordiale 1904 Germany France Dual Alliance 1879 Austria- Hungary Triple Entente Triple Alliance –1882 Italy

Setting the Stage for War Political Cartoon Setting the Stage for War A cartoon apparently expressing a rather sour German point of view on the British-French "Entente Cordiale" of 1904 -- John Bull walks off with the trollop France (in her scandalously short tricolor skirt, while Germany pretends not to care. (notice the sword scabard peeking out from under Germany’s trenchcoat – implying that they are willing to use military aggression?) The Entente Cordiale agreement was a change for both countries. France had been isolated from the other European powers, mostly as a result of the efforts of German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to estrange France from potential allies, as it was thought that France might possibly seek revenge for its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. The United Kingdom had maintained a policy of "splendid isolation" on the European continent for nearly a century, intervening in continental affairs only when it was considered necessary to protect British interests and to maintain the continental balance of power. The situation for both countries changed in the last decade of the nineteenth century.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War

Russia 1 August 1914 Setting the Stage for War A-H SECTION 1 Germany Back off Russkies! OR ELSE! Russia France Germany Leave my little Slavic brothers alone!! A-H And while we’re at it – let’s get France! Help me!! Serbia 1 August 1914

The Willy-Nicky Telegrams SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War The Willy-Nicky Telegrams

Germany must defeat France quickly so they can focus on Russia. SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Germany must defeat France quickly so they can focus on Russia.

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Germany attacks France through the land of chocolate and waffles: Belgium. von Schlieffen plan

When Germany uses Belgium as a shortcut, who is going to get upset? SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War When Germany uses Belgium as a shortcut, who is going to get upset? Great Britain!

Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Setting the Stage for War Japan

Setting the Stage for War Political Cartoon Setting the Stage for War

Setting the Stage for War Political Cartoon Setting the Stage for War

Setting the Stage for War Visual Source Setting the Stage for War

Setting the Stage for War Visual Source Setting the Stage for War

` Setting the Stage for War SECTION 1 Opposing Alliances at Outbreak of War 1907 1879 Britain Russia Austria-Hungary Germany 1904 1894 1882 1882 Triple Entente Triple Alliance France Italy