Review of Europe Unit

#2 Three facts about Prince Henry? He was known as the father of Exploration, established a school Of navigation & was also called “The Navigator” #3 Why was their conflict over colonies? Imperialism, spread Christianity, find new trade routes, natural resources & new markets What did they (the colonies) give to the nations? Raw goods #4 SKIP THIS ONE! #5 Nationalism? Strong pride in one’s nation #6 Imperialism? One country taking control of another country’s government & economy Back to question #1 Two facts about Austria-Hungary??? Largest empire in Eastern Europe & the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of A.H. was assassinated and WWI broke out

Speaking of Austria-Hungary… #10 WWI – The conflict that broke out as a result of the assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary #8 Alliance – a formal agreement among nations to unite for a common Cause.

Russian Revolution #17 What event took place in the 1900s that fueled nationalistic attitudes? Citizens began believing their ethnicity & country were superior to other Countries #18 Describe the role of the peasants during the Russian Revolution. Peasants were made into serfs & had no say in how their government was run #14 What effect did the Russian Revolution have on WWI? Russia had to stop participating in the war (and take care of the problems Back home)

#16 Allied Nations during WWI: UK Us France Italy What did they all have in common? They fought against the Central Powers Central Powers during WWI: Austria-Hungary Germany Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

Causes of WWI??? #12 Tensions over colonies, increased nationalism & the assassination of the Archduke of A.H. Effects of WWI??? #19 Treaty of Versailles Austria-Hungary empire was divided Germany had to take blame for the damages caused during WWI Some nations gained their independence #15 To make Germany pay back 33 million for WWI damages, took land from Germany,

#9 Fascism – a philosophy that supports a strong Central government led by a dictator (& he is backed by the military) #11 WWII – the conflict that began when Hitler’s army invaded Poland #13 Adolf Hitler is responsible for WWII

#20 Dictators’ ideology & false hope to citizens caused/contributed to WWII #7 Holocaust – The killing of millions of Jews, disabled people, and others by the Nazis #23 Three facts about the Holocaust ~6 million Jews were killed ~5 million others were killed ~Hitler discriminated against Jews

Causes of WWII? #34 ~Treaty of Versailles left Germans bitter ~It was political = nations wanted power ~Hitler’s army invaded Poland Effects of WWII? #34 ~The Cold War began between USA & Soviet Union (USSR) ~The Warsaw Pact was formed = USSR & E. European nations ~NATO was formed = US, UK, France & Canada ~Superpowers began building up dangerous weapons such as Nuclear weapons

#35 Allies during WWII UK Us France Russia VS #36 Axis Powers during WWII Germany Italy Japan

The Cold War #21 Joseph Stalin ~Leader of the Soviet Union ~Ruled Soviet Union during WWII ~Communist leader #22 What did the Marshall Plan offer? The U.S. offered to help countries in W. Europe rebuild after WWII #24 Mikhail Gorbachev led? The Soviet Union What were his goals for that nation? He wanted political & social change (to loosen communist control)

#25 Which war caused the Warsaw Pact to form? WWII Which countries did it include? The Soviet Union (USSR) & other E. European countries #26 Which war caused NATO to form? WWII Which countries did it include? UK, France, US, and Canada #27 List 3 facts about the Cold War: ~Tensions between the Soviet Union and US began to form ~Ideologies clashed = US (Democracy) VS. USSR (Communist) ~Neither country actually fought

#28 The European Union’s main goal was? To allow free trade & labor within countries who were members of the E.U. #29 What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall? To keep Democracy out and Communism in What did the FALL of the Berlin Wall mean? Freedom #30 Most dictators practiced fascism

#31 Why did WWII lead into the Cold War? Because ~ The Soviet Union wanted to spread Communism and control as many countries as it could. ~The U.S. & other Democratic nations wanted to stop Communism from spreading. ~Both sides raced to develop nuclear weapons and other technology ~Democracy = free market economies & free government ~Communism = command economies & gov’t control of production/economy ~The threat of Communism was spreading too close to the United States (in South Am. & Caribbean) #32 What type of government was being encouraged in the Soviet Union in the 1980s? Democracy #33 What caused the Soviet Union/Communism to come to an end? E. European economies could not compete with the industrial W. Europe.