A Time Based Approach to Musical Pattern Discovery in Polyphonic Music Tamar Berman Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Pseudo-Relevance Feedback For Multimedia Retrieval By Rong Yan, Alexander G. and Rong Jin Mwangi S. Kariuki
Advertisements

Feature Selection as Relevant Information Encoding Naftali Tishby School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel NIPS.
Chapter 2 – Scales, Tonality, Key, Modes
Arts Education 6.  Rhythm  Pitch  Melody  Dynamics  Timbre/tone  Texture.
MUSIC A Universal Art © 2006 EvaMedia, Inc.. An interesting fact … Italian Italian is the ‘language’ of music Many of the terms used to describe elements.
Point-set algorithms for pattern discovery and pattern matching in music David Meredith Goldsmiths College University of London.
Pitch-spelling algorithms David Meredith Aalborg University.
Classical Music Higher Music.
 A less complicated texture than Baroque times (less Polyphonic/more homophonic)  More use of Dynamics.  Elegant  Question & Answer phrases  Clear.
A.Diederich – International University Bremen – USC – MMM – Spring 2005 Scales Roederer, Chapter 5, pp. 171 – 181 Cook, Chapter 14, pp. 177 – 185 Cook,
What is music? Music is the deliberate organization of sounds by people for other people to hear.
1 Robust Temporal and Spectral Modeling for Query By Melody Shai Shalev, Hebrew University Yoram Singer, Hebrew University Nir Friedman, Hebrew University.
Jonah Shifrin, Bryan Pardo, Colin Meek, William Birmingham
Classical Period
The Effectiveness Study of Music Information Retrieval Arbee L.P. Chen National Tsing Hua University 2002 ACM International CIKM Conference.
Music Indexing and Retrieval for Multimedia Digital Libraries King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Information and Computer Science Department.
Information Retrieval in Practice
The Classical Era ( ) Year 10 IGCSE October 2009.
Pitch Pitch can be described as being how high or low the sound is heard. Pitch is determined by the speed or frequency of the vibration which is causing.
Longbiao Kang, Baotian Hu, Xiangping Wu, Qingcai Chen, and Yan He Intelligent Computing Research Center, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin.
Harmonically Informed Multi-pitch Tracking Zhiyao Duan, Jinyu Han and Bryan Pardo EECS Dept., Northwestern Univ. Interactive Audio Lab,
JSymbolic and ELVIS Cory McKay Marianopolis College Montreal, Canada.
Polyphonic Queries A Review of Recent Research by Cory Mckay.
III. Sonata Form. Sometimes called sonata-allegro form Sometimes called sonata-allegro form Definition- The form of a single movement. Definition- The.
Classical Period Forms. Sonata Allegro - Review Exposition Exposition Development Development Recapitulation Recapitulation Coda Coda.
Beats and Tuning Pitch recognition Physics of Music PHY103.
MINING RELATED QUERIES FROM SEARCH ENGINE QUERY LOGS Xiaodong Shi and Christopher C. Yang Definitions: Query Record: A query record represents the submission.
8.1 Music and Musical Notes It’s important to realize the difference between what is music and noise. Music is sound that originates from a vibrating source.
Student: Mike Jiang Advisor: Dr. Ras, Zbigniew W. Music Information Retrieval.
Music Information Retrieval -or- how to search for (and maybe find) music and do away with incipits Michael Fingerhut Multimedia Library and Engineering.
Aspects of Music Information Retrieval Will Meurer School of Information University of Texas.
MUMT611: Music Information Acquisition, Preservation, and Retrieval Presentation on Timbre Similarity Alexandre Savard March 2006.
Rhythmic Transcription of MIDI Signals Carmine Casciato MUMT 611 Thursday, February 10, 2005.
1/27 Discrete and Genetic Algorithms in Bioinformatics 許聞廉 中央研究院資訊所.
Extracting Melody Lines from Complex Audio Jana Eggink Supervisor: Guy J. Brown University of Sheffield {j.eggink
Music Information Retrieval Information Universe Seongmin Lim Dept. of Industrial Engineering Seoul National University.
The Elements of Music.
Begins on page 159 Chapter 19 Chamber Music Nature of Chamber Music  Important in Classical period  One player on a part  Instrumental music  Forms.
Research © 2008 Yahoo! Generating Succinct Titles for Web URLs Kunal Punera joint work with Deepayan Chakrabarti and Ravi Kumar Yahoo! Research.
Artistic Song Leading Lesson 1 Copyright 2010 by Jimmy Bagwell As part of the “ARTISTIC SONG LEADING” Series.
CLASSICAL.
Melodic Similarity Presenter: Greg Eustace. Overview Defining melody Introduction to melodic similarity and its applications Choosing the level of representation.
MMDB-8 J. Teuhola Audio databases About digital audio: Advent of digital audio CD in Order of magnitude improvement in overall sound quality.
Pitch Spelling – A Computational Model By Emilios Cambouropoulos Presentation by Amit Singh.
Content-Based MP3 Information Retrieval Chueh-Chih Liu Department of Accounting Information Systems Chihlee Institute of Technology 2005/06/16.
 Greatest Composers  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – GCSE Bitesize Wolfgang Amadeus MozartGCSE Bitesize  Joseph Hayden Joseph Hayden  Ludwig.
Signatures and Earmarks: Computer Recognition of Patterns in Music By David Cope Presented by Andy Lee.
1 Automatic Music Style Recognition Arturo Camacho.
1 Hidden Markov Model: Overview and Applications in MIR MUMT 611, March 2005 Paul Kolesnik MUMT 611, March 2005 Paul Kolesnik.
Discovering Musical Patterns through Perceptive Heuristics By Oliver Lartillot Presentation by Ananda Jacobs.
Alex Stabile. Research Questions: Could a computer learn to distinguish between different composers? Why does music by different composers even sound.
Melody Recognition with Learned Edit Distances Amaury Habrard Laboratoire d’Informatique Fondamentale CNRS Université Aix-Marseille José Manuel Iñesta,
BAROQUE AND CLASSICAL CHAMBER MUSIC – AOS2. This lesson… All of you will be able to name some features of Baroque and Classical Chamber music. All of.
Automatic Transcription of Polyphonic Music
Classical Music Higher Music.
Rhythmic Transcription of MIDI Signals
Music Matching Speaker : 黃茂政 指導教授 : 陳嘉琳 博士.
Minor Scales.
Supervised Time Series Pattern Discovery through Local Importance
Introduction to Music: Musical Forms & Styles
Chapter 15: Classical Forms: Theme and Variations, Rondo
Classical Era
Classical Music Higher Music.
Aspects of Music Information Retrieval
Memory and Melodic Density : A Model for Melody Segmentation
Fine Arts section 1 pg.7-20 By david steen.
Integrating Segmentation and Similarity in Melodic Analysis
Pitch Spelling Algorithms
Harmonically Informed Multi-pitch Tracking
Presentation transcript:

A Time Based Approach to Musical Pattern Discovery in Polyphonic Music Tamar Berman Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ICMPC 9, Bologna 2006

Musical Pattern Retrieval Method and system for musical pattern discovery and retrieval Designed as a tool for music researchers, scholars and students. Not designed as a model of human perception Yet, analysis of the system’s outputs through evaluation by humans yields interesting data for music theory/perception/cognition research

Musical Pattern Retrieval Question: Can we create a search engine that receives a sung or played melody as input, and searches for matches in a music database? Answer: Yes –String matching: McNab et al. (1996) –N-grams: Downie and Nelson (2000) –Markov models: Birmingham et al. (2001)

Musical Pattern Retrieval Question: Can we create a search engine that receives a description of a musical structure as input, and searches for matches in a music database?

Musical Schemas / Style Structures Leonard Meyer describes archetypical patterns and traditional schemata that are the “classes” in terms of which particular musical events are perceived and comprehended. “No melody, however original and inventive, is an exception to this principle”‎ (Meyer 1973)

Musical Schemas / Style Structures Eugene Narmour (1977) discusses style forms and style structures, upon which a “stylistic language” is constructed. Style forms are “parametric entities” which achieve enough closure so we can understand their functional coherence without reference to the specific contexts from which they come. Style structures can be created from style forms by arranging them in various contexts “according to their statistically most common occurrences”

Example: The 1-7…4-3 schema Prevalent in 18 th century music First noted by Meyer (1973) and studied further by Gjerdingen (1988) Consists of two event pairs (*): –1-7: The melody descends from the 1st degree to the 7th. The harmony shifts from I to V –4-3: The melody descends from the 4th degree to the 3rd. The harmony shifts from V7 to I Examples: –KV543.sibKV543.sib –KV200.sibKV200.sib (*) Simplified definition

System for Musical Pattern Retrieval Distinguishing features: –Support for the description and retrieval of complex, polyphonic patterns –Noise resilience: instances will be retrieved even if embedded within other patterns or interspersed with other events –User-friendly interface for pattern specification –Retrieved instances can be ranked according to their likelihood of fit to the desired pattern

Retrieving the 1-7…4-3

Sequence Retrieval Example kv268-1.sib Mozart, Violin Concerto No. 6 in Eb K268, Allegro moderato, measures (51.5’)

Test Data 505 Midi files of music by W.A. Mozart, taken from Includes symphonies, piano sonatas, piano concertos, other concertos and piano trios Truncated to first 50 measures Normalized Converted into note objects and then into time series

Time Series Representation A time series is a set of observations on the value of one or more variables, taken at successive points in time In the musical time series: –Variables: 12 pitch classes –Values: role played by pitch class at the time of observation (top/bass/middle/absent) Result: a series of “harmonic windows” representing each musical piece

Musical Time Series Parameters Window length: size (in seconds) of the time interval described by each harmonic window Onset interval: time (in seconds) between window onsets (“sampling rate”)

Use of Absolute Time Units Motivation: –Readily and reliably available in midi data –Potential application to audio data Justification: –For events that are close to each other in time, seconds – rather than beats – are likely more relevant –For fast music, schema events could be further apart (in beats/measures) than for slow music

System Evaluation A selection of 115 retrieved candidate instances were evaluated by 3 human judges and by 12 queries The queries differed from each other in parameters such as window length, onset interval and role specifications for pitch classes within each event Instances that were rated as correct by a majority of the human judges were rated as correct by a majority of the queries => 100% precision is attainable!

System Performance Window LengthOnset IntervalQuery TypePrecision TV CB TV CB TV CB TV CB TV CB TV CB0.600 N/A Majority vote1.000 Optimal at 0.5 second windows - Observed by Wundt (1874)

Question Do these excerpts sound similar? –Mozart Clarinet Concerto in A, K622, beginning of AllegroMozart Clarinet Concerto in A, K622, beginning of Allegro –Mozart Piano Concerto No. 6 in Bb, K238, beginning of RondoMozart Piano Concerto No. 6 in Bb, K238, beginning of Rondo

Similarity They both contain sequences which satisfy the following constrains: 1. The first event includes pitches C, E, G with G on top 2. The second event includes pitches C, E with E on top 3. The third event includes pitches F, A, C 4. The fourth event includes pitches C, E 5. The fifth event includes pitches D, F, A 6. The sixth event includes pitches D, F, A with F on top 7. The seventh event includes pitches C, G 8. The eighth event includes pitches G, B, D, F 9. The maximum duration of the sequence is 15 seconds

Conclusions Applying simple pitch constraints at multiple time resolutions yields successful retrieval The “top voice” requirement for melody is effective –Observed by Meek and Birmingham (2001) Creating a search tool for musical structures is feasible! The technology could be used for similarity retrieval or theme variations retrieval

Future Work Support for constraints on rhythm, contour and metric placement Enabling multiple roles per pitch class Describing distance in beats and measures Integration with alternative representations Application to audio data

Thank You!