DNA for Dummies (and the intellectually astute) A Dr. Parrott Production

Secret of Photo 51: What organic polymer? Made of what monomers? Components? Tour of the Basics

DNA Wrap Basic DNA Wrap Advanced DNA Coiling

Replication: DNADNA Occurs during S phase of interphase in reproducing cells only DNA template is copied complimentarily and semi conservatively Occurs only in the nucleus

Meselson-Stahl Experiment How DNA Replicates DNA Replication Bidirectional Replication Replication Complete General DNA Workshop

Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following: DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT DNA2: TAC mRNA: Amino Acids: tRNA: replication

DNA Replication Basic DNA Replication Fork Rep Fork 2 DNA Replication DNA Polymerase

Tran scription: DNAmRNA Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle with the exception of mitosis Occurs in the nucleus as messenger RNA copies DNA

RNA Splicing Transcription Transcription Complete Transcription the Movie Regulated Transcription

Transcribe the above DNA template into an mRNA: Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following: DNA1: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT DNA2: TAC Transcribe the above DNA template into an mRNA: mRNA: UAC Amino Acids: tRNA: transcription

Translation: mRNAprotein Occurs continually throughout the cell cycle Occurs at the ribosome as it reads the mRNA codons Matches codons to amino acids Prompts tRNA to bring a.a. Attaches a.a. with peptide bonds DNA to Protein 2 PP Synthesis Walkthrough

Translation tRNA anticodon is complimentary to mRNA codon tRNA is specific to the amino acid it brings Peptide bonds connect amino acids to form polypeptide (protein) Translation Basic Translation Advanced Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis 2 Translation the Movie

Protein Synthesis = Transcription + Translation = DNA  proteins

Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following: DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT DNA: TAC mRNA (codons): UAC Translate the above mRNA strand into an amino acid sequence (protein) Amino Acids: Tyrosine tRNA (anticodons): translation

Watch RNAi Online: http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/02

Make a DNA strand complimentary to the following: DNA: ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT DNA: TAC mRNA (codons): UAC Amino Acids: Tyrosine What are the anticodons on the tRNA for the above strands? tRNA (anticodons): AUG

To summarize… Protein Synthesis

Mistakes/Mutations Mutation any permanent alteration in the sequence of DNA bases Mutagen causes a mutation i.e. chemicals, radiation, spontaneous Point mutations can result in frameshifts in the reading frame Chromosomal mutations can result in translocations Immortal Thread

Mistakes/Mutations Silent mutation change in n.t. sequence, but no change in product Missense mutation swapping of a.a. (sickle cell anemia, PKU) Nonsense mutation insertion of stop codon into sequence Mutations & Sickle Cell, 2 How Cancer Grows, 2 Evolutionary Arms Race: HIV Resistance, 2 G Silent Mutation

DNA Technology & Applications What is the GPS & element? Medicine Agriculture Forensics What are some uses? Finding Disease Genes Gene therapy Drugs Biological Warfare Genetic Testing Ethics GMOs The Right to Know A Silent Forest Classical vs Transgenic Breeding Bioremediation Biofuels Crime Scene Investigation Genealogy What are some examples Bioengineering Body Parts RNAi Therapy Breast Cancer Alzheimer's Disease Plasmids & Protein Bt Corn Super Salmon, 2 Harvest of Fear Babies by Design? Transgenic Mouse The Killer’s Trail Forensic Anthropology: Immigration Laetoli Footprints What are some pros? What are some cons?

Resources DNA Learning Center: 3D Animations Genetics Movies: DNA Tutorial: Bacterial Replication Animations: Telomere Synthesis (shortening of linear chromosomes): Gene Processing Replication Animations: Gene Expression Animations: Gene Technology: DNA the Secret of Life Video Cracking the Code of Life Video Beadle-Tatum Experiments (one gene, one pp) Protein Synthesis Tutorial