THURSDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: WHAT ARE GENES? ENTRY TASK: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT: GENES DNA GENE THERAPY CANCER CYSTIC FIBROSIS PROTEIN HOW ARE THESE TERMS RELATED?

PLAN OF THE DAY INTRO TO GENETICS DNA AND CELL DIVISION UNIT 10 YEARS OF GENOME RESEARCH AND GENETIC DISEASES 60:00

FRIDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: STRUCTURE OF THE DNA MOLECULE ENTRY TASK: WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASES PRESENT IN THE DNA MOLECULE? LOOK AT PAGE 345 – FIGURE 12-5 AND TRANSFER THE DIAGRAM TO YOUR JOURNAL 1 ST ELODEA 4 TH HEARTS

PLAN OF THE DAY CHECK YOUR TEST RESULTS FOR CHAPS. 8 & 9 INTRO TO GENETICS DNA AND CELL DIVISION UNIT 10 YEARS OF GENOME RESEARCH AND GENETIC DISEASES 60:00

TUESDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: STRUCTURE OF THE DNA MOLECULE ENTRY TASK: WHAT WOULD BE THE MATCHING DNA STRAND THAT WOULD PAIR WITH THIS SEQUENCE OF BASES? A T A A T T G C G G A T T C

PLAN OF THE DAY DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CRASH COURSE ON DNA BRAINSTORM WITH PARTNER ON WHAT MATERIALS TO BRING FOR DNA MODEL

53: : :00 REPLICATION WITH THE AMOEBA SISTERS

 The basic unit of the DNA molecule is called: NUCLEOTIDE

A NUCLEOTIDE in DNA has three parts:  A ring-shaped sugar called deoxyribose  A phosphate group  A nitrogenous base (single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms)

Nucleotide monomers join together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, forming a sugar- phosphate backbone.

Nitrogenous Bases

The bases pair up (A-T & G-C) forming the DOUBLE HELIX first described by Watson and Crick

Watson, Crick and Franklin

Various ways to model DNA structure manipulate DNAhttp://

WEDNESDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: STRUCTURE OF THE DNA MOLECULE ENTRY TASK: DNA GOES THROUGH THE PROCESS OF REPLICATION (DUPLICATION) IN OUR CELLS. WHY DO YOU THINK THIS PROCESS IS NECESSARY?

PLAN OF THE DAY WORK WITH YOURSELF OR WITH YOUR PARTNER TO BUILD YOUR 3D DNA MODEL IF YOU DID NOT BRING MATERIALS FOR YOUR OWN MODEL, GET THE HANDOUT TO DO THE FLAT DNA MODEL IF FINISHED, READ AND TAKE NOTES OF SECTION 12.3 (PP ) IN YOUR NOTEBOOK (DUE FRIDAY 19)

DNA MODELS PAPER MODELS NTATION.PDF NTATION.PDF ORIGAMI DNA

THURSDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: STRUCTURE OF THE DNA MOLECULE ENTRY TASK: GET YOUR DNA MODELS READY. IN 20 MINUTES WE WILL START PRESENTATIONS

PLAN OF THE DAY FINISH LAST TOUCHES OF YOUR DNA MODEL AND PRESENT IT TO YOUR CLASSMATES IF FINISHED, READ AND TAKE NOTES OF SECTION 12.3 (PP ) IN YOUR NOTEBOOK (DUE FRIDAY 20)

FRIDAY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: DNA REPLICATION PROCESS ENTRY TASK: NAME TWO OF THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE DNA REPLICATION PROCESS AND THEIR FUNCTION

PLAN OF THE DAY LAST PRESENTATIONS OF DNA MODEL REPLICATION NOTES REPLICATION PRACTICE WITH WHITE BOARD CREATING A DNA REPLICATION SKIT WITH THE ENTIRE CLASS

Why does DNA need to be replicated? Growth – new cells - reproduction How does this process happen?

REPLICATION IN 3 STEPS  DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules, each containing one new strand (yellow) and one original strand (blue)

 Weak bonds  Hydrogen bonds  Comes apart easily  Comes together easily

Overview of DNA replication  DNA separates  Complementary nucleotides are linked along separated strands

initiate  Initiator protein guides unzipper protein (helicase) to correct position on DNA

untwister  Untwister (topoisomerase) unwinds the DNA double helix in advance of the unzipper

Unzipper separates DNA strands, breaking weak bonds between the nucleotides unzip

assemble Builders (polymerases) assemble new DNA strand by joining nucleotides to their matching complements on the exposed strands

straightners  Straighteners (single-strand DNA binding proteins) keep single strand of DNA from tangling

Phosphate provides energy Phosphate bond energy from the new nucleotides is used to make the new bonds

Leading vs. Lagging strand  Leading (top) strand is built continuously as the builder follows behind the unzipper, but the Lagging (lower) strand builds in the opposite direction

Lagging strand  Lagging (lower) builder makes a loop with the DNA strand and builds in opposite direction

Lagging strand  Built in small sections  Sections linked by enzyme ligase

Repairs of DNA  Erasers (Repair Nuclease): find poorly matched or damaged nucleotides and cut them out

Repairs of DNA  Builders (Polymerase): fill gaps using other DNA strand as a guide

Repairs of DNA  Stitchers (Ligase): uses ATP to restore continuity of backbone of repaired strand

Big picture of DNA replication

Replication review

REPLICATION IN 3 STEPS  DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with one new strand (yellow) and one old strand (blue)

DNA replication animations  ZaIvS0 ZaIvS0 ZaIvS0  F9cLIA F9cLIA F9cLIA  ykH3AvA ykH3AvA ykH3AvA  8fNkCw 8fNkCw 8fNkCw

TED talk – DNA replication – Chromosomes- malaria  u6GF18M u6GF18M u6GF18M  Timing of replication article:  our-own-sequences our-own-sequences our-own-sequences