Unit 1: SOLs 2-4 Early Man & River Valley Civilizations WHI- SOL Review Unit 1 Unit 1: SOLs 2-4 Early Man & River Valley Civilizations

Early Man (SOL 2) Homo-sapiens (a.k.a. Humans) 100,000 to 400,000 years ago they left Africa Moved to Eurasia, Australia, & the Americas Early humans dependent on availability of wild plants & animals

Early Man (SOL 2)… Describe Paleolithic societies: Nomadic, used basic tools (including weapons), fire, small clans, oral language, cave art Why were they nomadic? Followed their food (animals) How did making fire help them? Cook food, move to colder environments, heat, etc…..

Early Man (SOL 2)… Neolithic Age -Agriculture (“Farming”), Domesticated plants & animals, advanced tools, pottery, weaving skills What was the pottery & weaving used for? To make baskets & containers for food & storage.

Early Man (SOL 2)… Archaeologists: What do they do? Have an archaeological dig: dig slowly & carefully, section by section. Further down you dig the older it is. Examine the artifacts & fossils (Carbon-dating) Make educated guesses as to the use of those artifacts & fossils for early man.

Stonehenge Archeological site in England. Started in Neolithic Age, finished in the Bronze Age.

Aleppo & Jericho Cities in the Fertile Crescent under excavation by archaeologists.

Catalhoyuk Currently under excavation in Anatolia

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4) New Stone Age settlements occurred along river valleys & the Fertile Crescent. Why settle along river valleys? Irrigation water Rich soil Protection from invasion

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)… Fertile Crescent Society: slavery, Dynasties, social classes Laws: 10 Commandments, Hammurabi’s Code Economy: Trade Polytheistic v. Monotheistic Hebrews: Judaism, Jordon River

Religions Judaism: Christianity Abraham Moses & the 10 Commandments Torah Monotheistic Hebrews/ Jews Hebrew language Christianity Jesus Savior & Son of God Based off of Judaism Old Testament Monotheistic Life after Death: Heaven or Hell Bible: Old & New Testaments

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)… Mesopotamia: Tigris & Euphrates Part of Fertile Crescent Cuneiform Polytheistic Babylon: Hammurabi’s Code Egypt: Nile River (Africa) Pharaoh Hieroglyphics Pyramids Polytheistic

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)… China: Huang He (Yellow) Silk Roads Great Wall (Qin Shi Huangdi) Contributions: Silk, Paper, Porcelain, Gunpowder, Fireworks, Civil Service System, Compass Dynasties: Mandate of Heaven Confucianism & Tao/Daoism

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)… India: Indus & Ganges Hindu-Kush, Himalayas, Indian Ocean Aryans Hinduism Buddhism: Asoka & his missionaries Gupta Dynasty: Golden Age, Math, Textiles

Religions… Hinduism: Buddhism: Reincarnation Karma Vedas & Upanishads Monotheistic Many forms of 1 God Caste System Moksha Buddhism: Reincarnation Karma Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path to Enlightenment Siddhartha Gautama Not really a God/ Monotheistic Nirvana

Ancient River Valleys (SOLs 3 &4)… Persia: Tolerant Imperial Bureaucracy Road System Zoroastrianism Kush/ Nubians: Located south of Egypt on the upper Nile. Traded. Phoenicians: Colonies all along Mediterranean (Tyre) Alphabet

Review of key people & terms in SOLs 2-4 “Need to Know” Review of key people & terms in SOLs 2-4

People you need to Know Hammurabi Abraham Moses King of Babylon (Mesopotamia) Hammurabi’s Code Eye for an eye Abraham Founder of Judaism Moses Exodus Free Jews from Egypt 10 Commandments

People… Siddhartha Gautama Asoka Qin Shi Huangdi Founder of Buddhism Buddha Asoka Emperor who hired missionaries to spread Buddhism Qin Shi Huangdi Chinese Emperor Built the Great Wall

Dates to Know 100,000 – 400,000 yrs ago = Homo Sapiens emerged in Africa 3500 – 500 BC = River valley civilizations emerged

Time Periods to Know Paleolithic Era = Old Stone Age Neolithic Era = New Stone Age Bronze Age (when Stonehenge was finished) River Valley Civilizations Golden Age of Indian culture (Gupta)

Empires, Dynasties & Kingdoms to Know India Mauryan Asoka Gupta (Golden Age) China Qin

Religions to Know Judaism Christianity Zoroastrianism Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Taoism

Conflicts to Know Aryans came down through Hindu-Kush mountains & invaded India Mongols tried to invade China Great Wall

Writings & Art to Know Torah Code of Hammurabi Ten Commandments Vedas & Upanishads Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path to Enlightenment

Civilizations to Know Hunter-Gatherers (Paleolithic) Neolithic societies River Valley: Egypt Mesopotamia China India Hebrews Phoenicians Nubia

Question time! Let’s see how you do. Questions based off of SOLs 2-4

Why was Paleolithic man nomadic. A. To follow his food B. To farm C Why was Paleolithic man nomadic? A. To follow his food B. To farm C. For a change of scenery

Why did early man develop fire. A. To cook his food B Why did early man develop fire? A. To cook his food B. To be able to move to a colder place C. To adapt to the world around him D. All of the above

Why did the Neolithic man develop pottery & weaving skills. A Why did the Neolithic man develop pottery & weaving skills? A. So they could have something to trade B. So they could have something pretty to look at C. To store food for future use

- Conduct a dig - Use carbon dating to analyze artifacts - State your analysis of what you think the objects were used for. Whose job is described above? A. Endocrinologists B. Archaeologist C. Paleontologist D. Zoologists

What’s happening here. A. Moses is receiving the 10 Commandments B What’s happening here? A. Moses is receiving the 10 Commandments B. Abraham is receiving the 10 Commandments C. Moses is receiving the 12 Tables D. Noah is receiving a vision about the Flood

Polytheistic, Ziggurats ????? Hammurabi’s Code Cuneiform Polytheistic, Ziggurats Which civilization is described above? A. Mesopotamia B. Egypt C. China D. Hebrew

This writing system was used by which civilization. A. China B This writing system was used by which civilization? A. China B. Mesopotamia C. India D. Egypt

-Ruled by a line of dynasties -The mandate of heaven - Centered along the Yellow River Which civilization is described above? A. Ancient Egypt B. Ancient India C. Ancient China D. Ancient Mesopotamia

In Confucianism & Taoism this symbol represents: A. God B. The World C In Confucianism & Taoism this symbol represents: A. God B. The World C. Opposites D. Divinity

- Influenced by the Aryans - Practice Hinduism - Use a caste system This is a description of which civilization? A. Ancient India B. Ancient China C. Ancient Egypt D. Ancient Japan

Who was responsible for spreading Buddhism? Scribes Serfs Missionaries Aryans

Which religious leader believed in the Four Noble Truths? A. Mohammad B. Siddhartha C. Jesus D. Abraham

What religion believes in reincarnation & karma? Shintoism Hinduism Christianity Judaism

-Tolerant of people they conquered - Developed an imperial bureaucracy - Had an effective road system - Practiced Zoroastrianism Which civilization is described by the following? A. Incan B. Hebrew C. Phoenician D. Persian

Whose colonies are shown on this map. A. Roman B. Hebrew C Whose colonies are shown on this map? A. Roman B. Hebrew C. Phoenician D. Persian