The Odyssey and some of the Principal Gods and Goddesses

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Presentation transcript:

The Odyssey and some of the Principal Gods and Goddesses Greek Mythology The Odyssey and some of the Principal Gods and Goddesses

The Odyssey Epic poem – a long narrative poem about the deeds of a hero Written by the blind poet Homer (850-800 BC) Poems were often composed of poetic lines accompanied by instruments to aid memory Homer, the first to combine isolated tales into a whole epic poem

Characteristics of the Epic Begins “in media res” (in the middle) Begins w/ invocation to the muse (asking the muse for inspiration to tell his tale) References to the supernatural (gods/goddesses) Epic similes and hyperbole (extreme exaggeration) Repetitive phrases, speeches, incidents, and use of flashbacks Long sentences, complex words Passed down orally (told person to person)

Homer’s Epics Bkgd: Iliad and The Odyssey Based on the Trojan War (1200 BC) 100,000 Greeks sailed to Asia Minor to conquer Troy All based on revenge b/c Paris kidnapped Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world Iliad is the first / Odyssey is the sequel

Trojan War Map

Before The Odyssey Odysseus Helped build the wooden horse filled w/ Greek warriors Crept out at night and sacked Troy

The Odyssey (con’t) Gods took sides w/ the Greeks and Trojans Poseidon was angered by the Trojan loss Made Odysseus journey home long and difficult (10 years to get home) The Odyssey describes Odysseus journey home

The Odyssey (con’t) Odysseus wanted to return home to Ithaca to his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus He had to survive storms, temptations, and enemies at home

The Odyssey (con’t) More popular than The Iliad Universal story of a national hero We all spend years trying to reach our goals and we all must endure tests, temptations, and obstacles We use the word today to describe our journey, our odyssey

What is a myth? Highly imaginative tales that attempt to explain the mysteries of life Every culture has them Homer’s illustrates the character of the hero He overcomes temptations of idleness (lotus-eaters) He uses reason and will power to overcome the Sirens, a symbol of the pleasure of the senses

The Olympians

Zeus Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove) Son of Chronus Reigns over the heavens (Mt. Olympus) Oak; Eagle; Lighting Bolt King of gods; fathered many characters in mythology

Zeus

Hera Roman Name: Juno Zeus’s sister and wife; reigns over Mt. Olympus Cow/peacock Jealous protector of marriage and punished the women Zeus fell in love with

Poseidon Roman Name: Neptune Son of Cronus; brother of Zeus God of the Seas and Waters Trident; horses or bulls “The Earthshaker” and controls storms

Ares Roman Name: Mars God of War Son of Zeus and Hera Bloodthirsty and merciless

Hestia Roman Name: Vesta Goddess of Home Powerful Protector

Hades Roman Name: Pluto Son of Cronus; brother of Zeus and Poseidon Invisibility helmet God of the Underworld/ Dead and Wealth

Athena Roman Name: Minerva Daughter of Zeus Olive; owl; Athens Goddess of Wisdom and War Sprang from Zeus’s head and his favorite

Artemis Roman Name: Diana Goddess of the Moon/ Hunt Sister to Apollo

Hermes Roman Name: Mercury Messenger of the Gods Appears in more myths than any other character

Aphrodite Roman Name: Venus Goddess of Love and Beauty Sprang from the ocean foam

Hephaestus Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber) God of Fire/Forge Son of Zeus and Hera Kind, unlike his brother

Apollo Roman Name: Apollo Son of Zeus and Leto Crow and dolphin God of Light/Sun, Music and Archery Master musician

Sources Graphics in this presentation were taken from the following web sites: http://www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html http://www.pantheon.org/ http://www.messagenet.com/myths/ http://mythman.com/ http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html http://www.paleothea.com/ http://www.entrenet.com/%7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.html This presentation is for educational purposes only; it has not been and should not be sold or used as a vehicle to make money.