Chapter 4 Lecture One of Two Myths of Creation The Rise of Zeus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Lecture One of Two Myths of Creation The Rise of Zeus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

“Sing all this to me, Muses, you who dwell on Olympus: from the beginning tell me, which of the gods first came to be.” Hesiod, Theogony (114 – 5) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The cosmogony is the theogony. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE CHILDREN OF CHAOS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Children of Chaos Hesiod, Theogony Chaos < Chasm Gaea, Tartarus Mythic geography – Olympus/Topmost – Earth/Middle – Tartarus/Bottommost ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Children of Chaos Eros – Force of sexual attraction Nyx and Erebus – Features of Chaos? Nyx – Moerae – Nemesis Eerbus – Nyx – Aether (Radiance) – Hemera (day) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Children of Chaos Is Gaea the mother of all things? – Homeric Myth to Gaea ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE CHILDREN OF GAEA The Titans and Their Cousins ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans and their Cousins Many beings from the earth Most important the – Titans – Cyclopes – Heacatonchires ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans Gaea = > Uranus, Mountains, Pontus Gaea + Uranus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans Uranos and Gaea in eternal sexual embrace C.f. Egyptian Nut and Geb ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Figure 4.1 Sky and Earth ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. British Museum, London; © The Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York

Thereafter Gaea was bedded with Uranus, lord of heaven, and bore deep-swirling (1) Oceanus, (2) Coeus, (3) Crius, (4) Hyperion, (5) Iapetus, (6) Theia and (7) Rhea, (8) Themis, (9) Mnemnosynê, (10) Phoebê, and fair-featured (11) Tethys. Last of all she gave birth to (12) Cronus, that scheming intriguer, cleverest child of her brood, who hated his lecherous father. Hesiod, Theogony (126 – 38) The Titans ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans Titans six male, six female Most Titans hardly more than names Take no role in subsequent Greek myth ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans Oceanus – Tethys Homer’s alternate cosmology makes them the primordial parents of all the gods Ancient geography – Oceanus rims the world – Sky is a dome over it The Oceanids ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

The Titans Phoebê = “brilliant,” “shinning” Themis = “settled law” – Occupied Delphi before Apollo – Zeus + Themis => Mnemosynê Iapetus = Jepheth (?) Cronus + Rhea – Parents or grandparents of the Olympians ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

THE CHILDREN OF GAEA Cyclops, Hecatonchires ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Cyclops, Hecatonchires Also children of Gaea and Uranus Cyclops – Not the Cyclops of Homer (Polyphemos) – Blacksmiths for the gods – Brontes (“Thunderer”), Steropes (“flasher”), Arges (“brightener”) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Cyclops, Hecatonchires Hecatonchires (“hundred-handers”) – Also fifty heads – Cottus, Briareus, Gyes ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

HYPERION'S CHILDREN Sun, Moon, Dawn ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Sun, Moon, Dawn Hyperion (“he who goes above”) Father of Helius, another sun god Selenê (moon) Eos (dawn) Homeric Hymn to Helius The Story of Phaëthon in Ovid ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Hyperion’s Children: Sun, Moon, Sun Clymenê The hasty promise Etiology: why the Ethiopians are black Eridanus (Po) river Heliades = > poplar trees and golden amber Phaethon’s fall in art ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Sun, Moon, Dawn Selenê and Endymion – Endymion placed in eternal sleep Eos – Tithonus – Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 5 ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

CRONOS AGAINST URANUS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Cronus Against Uranus Uranus stuffing newly born Titans back into Gaea Cronus, the youngest, castrates Uranus with a sickle Blood from the severed genitals becomes the Erinyes ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

BIRTH OF APHRODITE, MONSTERS AND SEA DEITIES ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Aphrodite, Monsters, Sea Deities Aphrodite springs up from the “foam” at Cythera – Birth of Aphrodite in modern art Monsters Altered Egyptian and Mesopotamian archetypes: – Harpies, Sirens, Sphinx ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Figure 4.2 Birth of Aphrodite ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Nazionale delle Terme, Rome; author’s photo

Figure 4.3 The Harpy Tomb ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. British Museum, London; © Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York

Aphrodite, Monsters, Sea Deities Combined human and animal parts – Gorgons, Geryon, Cerberus, Chimera Natural animals, but with special powers – Ceto, Graeae, Nemaean Lion, Nereus (the Nereids – Thetis) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.

Figure 4.4 Cerberus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Musée du Louvre, Paris; Reunion des Musees Nationaux/Art Resource, New York

Figure 4.5 Chimera ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence; University of Wisconsin–Madison Photo Archive

End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.