CHAPTER Protocols and IEEE Standards

Chapter Objectives Discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking

Module Important Communication and Networking Protocols

ISO-OSI Seven Layer Model Recalled Layer 7Application Layer 6Presentation Layer 5Session Layer 4Transport Layer 3Network Layer 2Data Link Layer 1Physical Source:

Comparison of ISO-OSI Model and the DOD (TCP/IP) Model Application Presentation Session TransportHost-to-Host NetworkInternet Data Link Network Access Physical Source:

Layer Reference to Protocol Recalled Application FTP, Telnet, SMTP, HTTP.. Presentation Session TransportHost-to-HostTCP, UDP NetworkInternetIP, ICMP Data Link Network Access Ethernet, Token-Ring... Physical Source:

POP3/SMTP Protocol used in electronic mail transfer –Between the mail server and the mail client POP3 –Incoming mail IMAP –Incoming mail –More advanced and has more features than POP3 –The later version is IMAP4 SMTP –Outgoing mail

FTP File Transfer Protocol File transfer between a client and an FTP server Uses ports 20 and 21

Telnet Supports terminal emulation or host sessions For example, Telnet can be used for accessing a Unix machine and emulating a terminal attached to the Unix computer

DNS Directory service protocol Domain Names Service (DNS) Used for resolving domain names to IP addresses and vise versa

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Issues IP addresses to client –Leases IP address –For security, a DHCP server can issue an address based on MAC address

NFS Protocol for Network File Service For example, enable a Unix machine to function as a file server and serve files to Windows clients

ARP Address Resolution Protocol Enables the IP and MAC addresses of clients to be identified for transmission of data

SNMP Used by network management utilities to manage network devices For example, a manageable hub that support SNMP can be managed from a remote location using a SNMP based LAN management software

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol Used in multicasting

ICMP Internet Management Control Protocol –Used in network error reporting –Used by network administrators to poll devices for troubleshooting

RIP Routing Information Protocol Used by routing devices to exchange information such as routing table contents etc. Determines the shortest path (heuristically) from one node to another and shares the information with routing devices

OSPF Open Shortest Path First A more efficient protocol than RIP in determining the fastest path to the destination

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

QoS Quality of Service

NWLink A protocol used on Windows clients to access Novel Netware servers The exchange of information between the Windows client and the Netware server is facilitated by this protocol

NWLink and IPX/SPX IPX/SPX is Novell’s protocol –It is a routable protocol If IPX/SPX is to be installed in a Microsoft client then the ODI driver must be installed The alternative of installing NWLink is preferred –Works with NDIS driver

Sample use of NWLink Access NetWare servers Give Netware clients access to Windows servers Set a Windows 2003 server as a gateway to NetWare servers

NetBIOS and NetBEUI NetBEUI –Originally implemented by IBM for networking NetBIOS Non-routable protocol

DLC Protocol used for connecting the LAN to an older IBM system –SNA based IBM network

AppleTalk Used in networks connecting Apple computers

Protocol Binding NDIS –Binding driver used with Microsoft ODI –Binding driver used with Novell

Web Research Visit a vendor’s web site to obtain information on the configuration of a wireless LAN consisting of 2 workstations and a server

End of Module

END OF CHAPTER