Talk Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Orphans in Namibia Urgent Action for Children on the Brink

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Estimates on people living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia, 2001 Number of people living with HIV/AIDS –Adults (15-49): 200,000 –Adult rate:22.5 % –Women (15-49):110,000 –Children (0-14): 30,000 Number of deaths due to AIDS –Deaths in 2001: 13,000 Source: Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS, 2002

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Deaths among young adults (in thousands), , Namibia Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Life Expectancy, , Namibia Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Number of orphans under age 15 Namibia, Source: Children on the Brink, 2002, UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percent of orphans under age 15 by year and cause, Namibia, (%) Source: Children on the Brink, 2002, UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Number of double orphans is increasing due to HIV/AIDS, Namibia HIV/AIDS is rapidly increasing the number of orphans who have lost both parents. Once one parent has acquired HIV, the other is highly likely to also become infected and eventually die. Source: Children on the Brink, 2002, UNICEF, UNAIDS, USAID

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 COPING MECHANISMS Key determinants of orphan needs: Age and sex of child Gender of head of household Size of the household Age of guardian Relationship of guardian to child Number of parents dead Proportion of children orphaned in the geographic area Inclusion/exclusion of orphaned children in family and community life Level of AIDS-related stigma and discrimination Access to health education, and social services and safety nets Adapted from: Hunter, s. & Parry, S., HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care in Resource-Constrained Settings, FHI/USAID, 2001

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Age of orphans… Orphans in Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Proportion of children that lost one or both parents by age, Namibia DHS (%) Age of child

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Proportion of orphans in different age groups, Namibia The number of orphans increases by age rapidly. (As chance of becoming an orphan increases over time/ by age).

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Proportion of orphans in different age groups, Namibia The majority of orphans who have lost both parents are in the age group year old. Double orphans Maternal orphans Paternal orphans

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Where are they…….? Orphans in Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percent of households that are Male headed/Female headed, Namibia Number of people

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percentage of households by age of head of households, Namibia Number of people

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percent of single orphans not living with surviving parent, Namibia Maternal Orphans not with Father Paternal Orphans not with Mother

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Age of head household children live in...

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Average age of head of household by parental survival, Namibia Orphaned children tend to live in households with older caretakers. Age (Years)

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 % of households with children that are taking care of one or more orphans by gender and age of head of household, Namibia All Male headed households Female headed households All Percent (%) Age of head of household

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 % of all households taking care of one or more orphans by gender and age of head of household, Namibia All Male headed households Female headed households All Percent (%) Age of head of household

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percent of children living in female headed households, Namibia non-orphansDouble orphansMaternal orphansPaternal orphans Different societies have different t coping systems in which families & communities take care of children that lost their mother/father or both parents.

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Distribution of orphans in household (<15) by age of head of household, Namibia % of all orphans in specific agegroup head of HH

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percent of children that are orphaned in households (<15) by gender of head of household, Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Percentage of children that are orphaned in households (<15) by age of head of household, Namibia *The “<18” age group is a very small sample (<50 households)

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Size of household children live in…

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Average size of household by parental survival, Namibia Number of people

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Size of household by parental survival and gender of head of household, Namibia Orphans live in general in larger households. The average household size for female headed households is smaller than male headed households. Number of people

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Who’s caring for the orphans?

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Who takes care of orphans? Relationship of double orphans with head of household they live in, Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Regional Differences…

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Residence of orphans, Namibia Percentage of children living in rural areas

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Wealth Index

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Wealth Index Percentage of children living in households with different incomes according to whether their parents are alive, Namibia (%) Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 School attendance Child labour Nutritional Status (underweight) Impact / Vulnerability

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 School attendance (1) Proportion of children aged who are still in school according to whether their parents are alive and by gender (child), Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 School attendance (2) Proportion of children aged who are still in school according to whether their parents are alive and by location (urban/rural), Namibia

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 School attendance (3) Proportion of children aged who are still in school according to whether their parents are alive and by gender (head of household), Namibia Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Child labour (1) Proportion of children involved in child labour according to whether their parents are alive and by gender (child), Namibia Child labour is defined here as economic activity or 4 or more hours of household chores per day Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Child labour (2) Proportion of children involved in child labour according to whether their parents are alive and by location (urban/rural), Namibia Child labour is defined here as economic activity or 4 or more hours of household chores per day Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Child labour (3) Proportion of children involved in child labour (UNICEF definition) according to whether their parents are alive and by gender (head of household), Namibia Child labour is defined here as economic activity or 4 or more hours of household chores per day Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Underweight Percent of children aged 0-4 who are underweight according to whether their parents are alive, Namibia (%) Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Stigma & Discrimination…

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Discrimination Percent of women who express a positive attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), Namibia (%) Stigma & discrimination is still common towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The large majority of respondents did not express a positive attitude towards PLWHA. Serious efforts need to be undertaken by national and community leaders to challenge the stigma and eliminate the shame associated with HIV/AIDS. Data not available

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Data collection

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Questionnaire (DHS/MICS) Is FATHER alive? -> if YES -> Does FATHER live here? Is MOTHER alive? -> if YES -> Does MOTHER live here?

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Results/Tabulation % distribution of children 0-14 years old: Living with both parents Living with mother, but not father -Father alive -Father dead Living with father, but not mother -Mother alive -Mother dead Not living with either parent -Both alive -Mother alive, father dead -Mother dead, father alive -Both dead

Talk title (change in slide master) The Presenter, NYHQ HIV/AIDS Unit9-Sep-15 Limitations of data presented Other vulnerable children, including those with ill parents are excluded Street children & children in institutions and probably some child headed households are not included No info on children years old Issues related to property rights of orphans/inheritance not considered in surveys No info on psycho-social issues (loneliness, fear, depression & sadness) Data is mainly at household level, limited info on community dynamics (support from community groups, neighbours, etc.)