The Land of the Pharaohs Ancient Egypt The Land of the Pharaohs By: Miss McCasland

Union of Two Crowns Egypt’s Villages are thriving! * Surplus of Crops * New Technology * Tools, pottery, jewelry There was also TERROR AND FEAR!! Wars were waging between villages. How do we know this? Evidence of ruins of walls and paintings of bloody battle scenes!

Banding Together The people of Egypt joined together into two separate kingdoms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt King wore a white crown. Lower Egypt King wore a red crown.

Pharaoh Menes KING OF UPPER EGYPT LED HIS FORCES INTO LOWER EGYPT AND OVERTHREW THE KING BECAME THE FIRST PHARAOH (THE NAME GIVEN TO ALL RULERS IN EGYPT) DOUBLE CROWN- SHOWED VICTORY SYMBOLIZED UNIFICATION-JOINING OF SEPARATE PARTS INTO ONE

THE OLD KINGDOM

Government Under the Pharaohs Most powerful leaders were assigned as local governors. Collected taxes, local judges, made sure floodwaters were shared evenly Reported to Egypt’s headquarters in Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt

Religion in Ancient Egypt Pharaoh- great political and religious power Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a child of Ra, the sun god and most important RA Gave life to Earth Pharaoh gave life to Egypt Ra and pharaoh deserved to be worshipped

Other gods… Isis- protected people from sickness and harm Osiris- represented the dead who awaited rebirth

Egypt’s Economy Pharaoh crops buildings Services everything ALL THINGS IN EGYPT BELONGED TO THE PHARAOH, MAKING HIM THE CENTER OF THE ECONOMY!

ECONOMY Way people manage money and resources for the production of goods and services Egypt’s economy was based on agriculture

Division of Surplus Food Collected For Taxes

Taxes, Taxes, Taxes Pharaoh taxed everything, even people’s TIME!! For example, during flood season, Egyptians from priests to potters to farmers were called upon to build canals or buildings for the government. Craftworkers and artists kept temples supplied in exchange for clothes and food.

A SYSTEM OF WRITING

HIEROGLYPHICS Made up of about 800 picture signs Individual picture-signs or symbols were called hieroglyphs Could stand for objects or sounds The reason we know so much about Ancient Egyptians Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone The Key to A Lost Language 400 A.D. Hieroglyphics fell out of use and the meaning was lost 1799 French soldier found the Rosetta Stone Large, black stone with writing on it Contained a passage written 3 times (hieroglyphics, Greek, demotic) Champollion compared the 3 languages and solved the mystery of hieroglyphics