Metals Section 16-2

Families on the Periodic Table Columns are grouped into families. Families may be one column, or several columns put together. Families have names rather than numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.) Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties.

Properties of Metals pure vs alloy ductile malleable Abundant in the world (coins, cars, planes, tools, etc.) Exist as pure elements (gold, copper, zinc, aluminum) or alloys/mixtures (stainless steel) Physical properties such as high melting points, hardness, shininess, conductivity, malleable (shapeable), and ductile (pulled into wire) pure vs alloy ductile malleable

Metals, nonmetals, & Metalloids Metals – most of the elements on the table. Solids at room temp. (Hg a liquid at room temperature) Nonmetals – about 1/3 of the elements. Gases at room temperature. Metalloids – seven elements located at the stair step. Properties of metals and nonmetals (*semiconductors) Nonmetals Metals

1 ve- Alkali Metals Li Na K Rb Cs Fr 1st family on the periodic table (Group 1), not including hydrogen Very reactive metals, lose 1 ve- Never found alone in nature, always in a compound (like in salt, NaCl) As elements, shiny and soft enough to be cut with a butter knife Sodium & potassium are found in compounds we eat. Li is in batteries and medicines Li Na K Rb Cs Fr 1 ve-

2 ve- Alkaline Earth Metals Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra 2nd family on the periodic table. (Group 2) Second most reactive metals, lose 2 ve- Always combined with nonmetals in nature Hard, bright white metals that are good conductors of electricity Mg is in flash cubes and calcium is in a lot of foods we eat (milk, cheese, etc) Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra 2 ve-

Transition Metals Elements in groups 3-12. Less reactive metals such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, & gold. React slowly with air or water to form rust. Includes metals used in jewelry and construction. Hard and shiny metals used as “real metals.” Iron in the form of hemoglobin carries oxygen and makes our blood red

Boron Family Carbon Family Elements in group 14, (one metal, two metalloids, & two nonmetals) Contains elements important to life and computers Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry Lead made paint poisonous Silicon is a semiconductor Elements in group 13, (four metals and one metalloid) Very light aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, was not a “disposable metal” 3 ve- 4 ve-

Rare Earth Elements Placed below for convenience Lanthanides Actinides Placed below for convenience Uranium is used in nuclear power plants After uranium (92) are man-made, not found in nature