PHYSICAL SCIENCE VOCABULARY WEEK 10

1) HYDROGEN Symbol – H Atomic Number – 1 Combines with oxygen to form water

2) HELIUM Symbol – He Atomic number – 2 Was used to make the first gas lasers

3) LITHIUM Symbol – Li Atomic number – 3 Used to make small batteries for cameras, calculators and pacemakers

4) BERYLLIUM Symbol – Be Atomic number – 4 Found naturally in gems; gives emeralds their color

5) BORON Symbol – B Atomic number – 5 Used to make heat resistant glass like Pyrex.

6) CARBON Symbol – C Atomic number – 6 Makes diamonds

7) NITROGEN Symbol – N Atomic number – 7 Makes up 78% of air.

8) OXYGEN Symbol – O Atomic number – 8 Used as liquid rocket fuel.

9) FLUORINE Symbol – F Atomic number – 9 Used in spray cans.

10) NEON Symbol – Ne Atomic number – 10 Used in lights because it glows orange or red

1) SODIUM Symbol – Na Atomic Number – 11 Sodium is used to transfer heat out of nuclear reactors.

2) MAGNESIUM Symbol – Mg Atomic Number – 12 Magnesium is used in fireworks and flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.

3) ALUMINUM Symbol – Al Atomic Number – 13 Aluminum is used in airplane wings.

4) SILICON Symbol – Si Atomic Number – 14 Silicon makes up flint, which Native Americans used for tools and weapons.

5) PHOSPHORUS Symbol – P Atomic number - 15 Phosphorus is used to make things glow.

6) SULFUR Symbol – S Atomic Number – 16 Sulfur is used in gunpowder.

7) CHLORINE Symbol – Cl Atomic Number – 17 Chlorine was used in World War I as a poison gas.

8) ARGON Symbol – Ar Atomic Number – 18 Argon is the gas used to fill light bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.

9) POTASSIUM Symbol – K Atomic Number – 19 Potassium is used to make explosives.

10) CALCIUM Symbol – Ca Atomic Number – 20 Calcium is a major component in marble.

VOCABULARY WEEK 12

1) PURE SUBSTANCE Made from one type of atom or one type of molecule only

2) COMPOUND Made of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure

3) MIXTURE Two or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure

4) IRON Atomic Number – 26 Symbol – Fe Iron is used to make magnets.

5) NICKEL Atomic Number – 28 Symbol – Ni Nickel only makes up 25% of a nickel.

6) COPPER Atomic Number – 29 Symbol – Cu Pennies are only coated in copper.

7) SILVER Atomic number – 47 Symbol – Ag Silver compounds are used to ‘seed’ clouds and make rain.

8) GOLD Atomic number – 79 Symbol – Au Gold, silver and copper are all in the same group, 11.

VOCABULARY WEEK 11

9) MERCURY Atomic number – 80 Symbol – Hg Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.

10) LEAD Atomic number – 82 Symbol – Pb Oxides of lead are used to make crystal.

VOCABULARY WEEK 13

1) COVALENT BOND A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.

2) IONIC BOND A chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.

3) VALENCE ELECTRON An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.

4) CHEMICAL BOND Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.

5) CHEMICAL REACTION a process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions

6) CHEMICAL FORMULA a representation of a substance using symbols for its elements parts

7) CHEMICAL EQUATION a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product

8) REACTANT A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.

9) PRODUCT A substance resulting from a chemical reaction.

10) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS a fundamental principle of physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed

VOCABULARY WEEK 14

1) ELEMENT Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means

2) COMPOUND A pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically

3) MIXTURE A type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically

4) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE A combination of substances in which different components are easily observed

5) HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE A combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout

6) COEFFICIENT A number written before a chemical formula which shows how many molecules of a compound are present

7) SUBSCRIPT A small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to tell the number of atoms of that element in the substance

8) PHYSICAL CHANGE Altering the physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance

9) CHEMICAL CHANGE Occurs when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties

10) ATOMIC MASS The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

VOCABULARY WEEK 15

1) ENERGY The ability to do work or cause changes to occur

2) WORK Application of a force to an object to move it a certain distance in the direction of the force

3) MECHANICAL ENERGY The energy associated with the motion of an object

4) THERMAL ENERGY Total amount of energy in all of the particle contained in a sample of matter

5) HEAT The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures

6) CHEMICAL ENERGY The energy that is stored in chemical bonds

7) ELECTRICAL ENERGY The energy that results from the flow of moving charges

8) ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY Energy resulting from the motion of the charged particles within atoms

9) SOUND ENERGY Energy given off by a vibrating object

10) NUCLEAR ENERGY The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result of strong nuclear forces

VOCABULARY WEEK 16

1) KINETIC ENERGY Energy resulting from the motion of an object

2) POTENTIAL ENERGY Stored energy

3) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY States that while energy may be changed from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed

4) FRICTION A force that opposes the motion of an object

5) SCIENTIFIC QUESTION A precise question that can be answered through observation, measurement, testing or analysis

6) SCIENTIFIC METHOD A series of organized steps that guide the investigative process

7) HYPOTHESIS A possible answer to a scientific question

8) EXPERIMENT A procedure designed to test a hypothesis

9) VARIABLE Any factor that can affect the results of an experiment

10) CONTROL GROUP Experimental setup that represents the norm and shows what would happen in the absence of any changes regarding the independent variable.