Pyramids on the Nile.

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Presentation transcript:

Pyramids on the Nile

Geography of Egypt Nile River Many settlements Yearly Flood

Geography of Egypt Environmental Challenges More regular than Mesopotamia Waters low  silt and crops down  starvation Waters high  Destroyed homes, seeding

Geography of Egypt South (Upper Egypt) North (Lower Egypt) Nile  Transportation Unified villages, promoted trade

King Narmer 3000 BC United Upper and Lower Capital at Memphis

Kingdom of Egypt Pharaohs rule as gods Egyptians  Kings were gods Theocracy – Rule based on religious authority Pharaohs cause sun to rise, Nile to flood, crops to grow

Pyramids Ka – eternal life force Tombs important Pyramid  resting place after death Supply of stone  granite and limestone Reflect strength of Egyptian civilization

Religion Polytheistic – Re (Sun), Osiris (Death), Isis (Women) Mummification Canopic jars – brains, liver, etc. Embalming Salt and baking soda

Social Structure Royal Family Upper Class (Gov’t officials, priests, military) Middle Class (Merchants, artisans) Lower Class (Farmers, laborers) Slaves Women had many rights

Writing Hieroglyphics Papyrus

Science and Technology Calendar Numbers  Taxes Heart rate, splints

Invaders Old Kingdom Ends 2180 Middle Kingdom 2040-1640 Hyksos rule 1630-1523 From Palestine

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