More Units Available at… Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit. Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and The Science Skills Unit. Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Entire Science Skills Unit includes a… Five Part 3,700 Slide PowerPoint roadmap full of class activities, video links, red slide class notes, discussion questions, games, and much more. 18 page bundled homework package that chronologically follows the PowerPoint slideshow. Modified version and answer keys are provided. 19 pages of unit notes with visuals for students who require assistance and support staff. 3 PowerPoint review games, 14 worksheets that follow slideshow activities, many video and academic links, rubrics, help sheets, curriculum guide, and much more. – nit.htmlhttp:// nit.html

Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Part I: Matter and Phase Change Part II: Gas Laws and more Part III: Energy, the EM Spectrum and much more. Part IV: Energy and Electricity, Magnetism Topics Part V: The Environment

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Ice MeltingWater Boiling Vapor Gas TEMPTEMP Heat Added 

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. –He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow “Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

END MATTER START ENERGY

New Area of Focus, Electricity and Magnetism New Area of Focus, Electricity and Magnetism Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What would life be like without it electricity? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Much different than it is for most of us.

Does somebody want to try and define the word electricity?

There is no single definition called "electricity." Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

There is no single definition called "electricity." ELECTRICITY DOES NOT EXIST Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electricity is a variety of independent science concepts all with one single name. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

These are the questions and definitions we need to know to generate a definition for electricity? –What is electric charge? –What is electrical energy? –What are electrons –What is electric current? –What is an imbalance of charge? –What is an electric field? –What is voltage? –What is electric power? –What is a spark? –What is electromagnetism? –What is electrical science? –What is electrodynamics? –What is electrostatics? –What are electrical phenomena? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

These are the questions and definitions we need to know to generate a definition for electricity? –What is electric charge? –What is electrical energy? –What are electrons –What is electric current? –What is an imbalance of charge? –What is an electric field? –What is voltage? –What is electric power? –What is a spark? –What is electromagnetism? –What is electrical science? –What is electrodynamics? –What is electrostatics? –What are electrical phenomena? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electricity is related to charges, and both electrons (-) and protons (+) carry a charge. Electricity is related to charges, and both electrons (-) and protons (+) carry a charge. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video Link! Introduction to Electricity VkCkX4http:// VkCkX4

We will skip most of the atomic information. –We will examine circuits and static charges for this unit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Their charges are about equal Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Add Electrons – Atom becomes more negatively charged. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electrons are negatively charged Protons (nucleus) are positively charged Take away (strip) electrons then the atom becomes more positively charged. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Life occurs because of electrostatic charges.

Without them, life would simple unravel.

Electricity Available Sheet

Lightning is a big spark that occurs when electrons move from one place to another very quickly because of the unequal distribution of electrons. Lightning is a big spark that occurs when electrons move from one place to another very quickly because of the unequal distribution of electrons. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electricity Available Sheet

Activity – Static Friction and a wool sweater. –Question, What am I doing as I move the sweater up and down. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

As I rubbed the sweater, electrons moved from the sweater into me. –Now I have extra electrons and a negative static charge. All I need to do is touch a conductor and the extra electrons will travel to the positive charge. Watch out! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

As I rubbed the sweater, electrons moved from the sweater into me. –Now I have extra electrons and a negative static charge. All I need to do is touch a conductor and the extra electrons will travel to the positive charge. Watch out! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

As I rubbed the sweater, electrons moved from the sweater into me. –Now I have extra electrons and a negative static charge. All I need to do is touch a conductor and the extra electrons will travel to the positive charge. Watch out! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

As I rubbed the sweater, electrons moved from the sweater into me. –Now I have extra electrons and a negative static charge. All I need to do is touch a conductor and the extra electrons will travel to the positive charge. Watch out! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Simulation. John Travoltage. oltagehttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/trav oltage

Electricity Available Sheet

Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Replace electrostatic for funky. Replace electrostatic for funky. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Replace electrostatic for funky. Replace electrostatic for funky. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Electric Fields: The funky area near any electrically-charged object. Replace electrostatic for funky. Replace electrostatic for funky. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Visit a magnetic field simulator. nets-and-electromagnets nets-and-electromagnets

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Opposite charges attract. Opposite charges attract. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Opposite charges attract. Opposite charges attract. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Same forces repel. The Same forces repel. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Same forces repel. The Same forces repel. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: They are both wrong. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which one is right and which is wrong? Answer: Now they are both right. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Simulation. Magnetic Field Hockey ic-hockeyhttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/electr ic-hockey

Reminder to teacher to reset the arrows!

Activity! Fun with Magnets for 2:39 seconds then we are moving on. –The class can earn additional “play time” with good behavior.

Activity! Fun with Magnets for 2:39 seconds then we are moving on. –The class can earn additional “play time” with good behavior.

Static Electricity: The imbalance of positive and negative charges. Static Electricity: The imbalance of positive and negative charges. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity- Bad Hair Day Demonstration. –Rub balloon all around head. –Question: Why does this happen? (REVIEW!) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity- Bad Hair Day Demonstration. –Rub balloon all around head. –Question: Why does this happen? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! –Electrons from your body move into the parachute (hat or sweater). –This gives you a positive charge. –Your hair is also positive. –Like charges repel so hair tries to get away from body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy + + +

Electricity Available Sheet

Demonstration - Static Electricity –Observe two balloons without a build up of a charge. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration - Static Electricity –Observe two balloons without a build up of a charge. –Now rub balloons in parachute. –How are the behaving now? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration - Static Electricity –Observe two balloons without a build up of a charge. –Now rub balloons / add electrons. –How are the behaving now? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration - Static Electricity –Observe two balloons without a build up of a charge. –Now rub balloons / add electrons. –How are the behaving now? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration - Static Electricity –Observe two balloons without a build up of a charge. –Now rub balloons / add electrons. –How are the behaving now? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Static Balloons Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Static Balloons –Blow up a balloon and tie it off. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Static Balloons –Blow up a balloon and tie it off. –Write name on it with soft pen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Static Balloons –Blow up a balloon and tie it off. –Write name on it with soft pen. –Rub balloon against hair and quickly stick to wall (everyone together). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Static Balloons –Blow up a balloon and tie it off. –Write name on it with soft pen. –Rub balloon against hair and quickly stick to wall (everyone together). –Observe what happens, Whose balloon will last the longest? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer to wall sticking balloon.

–Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon.

Answer to wall sticking balloon. –Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. –Balloon has slight negative charge.

Answer to wall sticking balloon. –Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. –Balloon has slight negative charge. –The atoms orient and wall has slight positive charge.

Answer to wall sticking balloon. –Electrons from hair are removed and put into balloon. –Balloon has slight negative charge. –The atoms orient and wall has slight positive charge. –Opposite charges attract and balloon sticks.

Activity Simulator. Balloons Explained onshttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ballo ons

We usually only notice static electricity in the winter when the air is very dry.

We usually only notice static electricity in the winter when the air is very dry. During the summer, the air is more humid.

–The water in the air helps electrons move off you more quickly, so you can’t build up a large static charge.

Electricity Available Sheet

Activities Van de Graaff generator Please read safety and operation precautions on this link. –

Activity: Van de Graaff Machine – Creates unequal distribution of electrons. –Describe two demonstrations in journal with a visual and explanation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity: Van de Graaff Machine – Creates unequal distribution of electrons. –Describe two demonstrations in journal with a visual and explanation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration –Take top off of generator to see it’s inner workings. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video! How a Van de Graaff Generator works. – QUhttp:// QU

Tape a tack to the top of the generator. –Can we hear the corona discharge. Metal Thumbtack Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration 1 – Using the magic wand, Seeing the spark Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Tinsel

Demonstration 2: Packing peanuts. –Put some packing peanuts in a plastic cup and tape it to the top of the generator. –Turn on the generator and away they go! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration 3 – Bad Hair day. –One student to stand on plastic trash barrel. –Put both hands on generator. –Turn it on and hair should stand up on end.

Demonstration 3 – Bad Hair day. –One student to stand on plastic trash barrel. –Put both hands on generator. –Turn it on and hair should stand up on end.

Demonstration 3 – Bad Hair day. –One student to stand on plastic trash barrel. –Put both hands on generator. –Turn it on and hair should stand up on end.

Demonstration 3 – Bad Hair day. –One student to stand on plastic trash barrel. –Put both hands on generator. –Turn it on and hair should stand up on end.

Demonstration 3 – Bad Hair day. –One student to stand on plastic trash barrel. –Put both hands on generator. –Turn it on and hair should stand up on end.

Demonstration 4: A small balloon attached to the generator by a string taped to the globe will be charged to the same sign as the globe of the generator. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Tape a bent paper clips that points out from the generator. Look for ion beam (charged winds) –This beam can charge distant objects. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration 5: A fluorescent light. Bulb will light up if close to the generator. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Demonstration 6 – Smoke or chalk dust. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Other Demonstrations: –Blow bubbles near the generator. –Place aluminum pie plate on generator. –Place many pie plates on top of each other. –Light a candle near generator to observe electrical winds. –Tape many long strips of tissue paper to generator. –Tie an aluminum can so it hangs just above the generator. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video! If you don’t have a Van de Graaff Generator. –

Coulombs Law: Any two charged objects will create a force on each other. Opposite charges will produce an attractive force while similar charges will produce a repulsive force.

–Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force. The greater the distance between them, the smaller the force.

Coulombs Law: Any two charged objects will create a force on each other. Opposite charges will produce an attractive force while similar charges will produce a repulsive force. –Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force. The greater the distance between them, the smaller the force.

Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force.

Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force.

Coulombs Law: The greater the charges, the greater the force. The greater the distance between them, the smaller the force.

Electricity Available Sheet

If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why?

If your car gets struck by lightning in a thunderstorm, will you be safe. Why? Yes

Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage.

Answer: You will be safe because your cars metal chassis acts like a Faraday Cage. The charged particles travel around the outside of the car and into the ground.

A Faraday cage is a metallic enclosure that prevents the entry or escape of an electromagnetic field.

–For best performance, the cage should be directly connected to an earth ground.

Video Link. Human Faraday Cage. WAvvQhttp:// WAvvQ

Current: A flow of electrons, or individual negative charges. Current: A flow of electrons, or individual negative charges. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The electrons have a mass (however small), and when they move through the conductor, there are collisions that produce heat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Don’t over connect outlets because they could short circuit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Electricity Available Sheet

Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors: How easily energy is transferred through the object by the moving charge. Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors: How easily energy is transferred through the object by the moving charge. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Conductor: Electrons flow easily, semi flows in the middle. Conductor: Electrons flow easily, semi flows in the middle. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Semi-conductor: Conductivity between conductor and insulator (electronics use). Semi-conductor: Conductivity between conductor and insulator (electronics use). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity (Optional) Conductors using a conductivity meter. –Find one conductor and one insulator by roving around the classroom for one minute or looking on your person. –Test with conductivity meter. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Insulator: Electrons do not flow easily. Insulator: Electrons do not flow easily. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Simulator Link: Semi-Conductors iconductorhttp://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sem iconductor

Electricity Available Sheet

There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). There are two main kinds of electric current, direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

(DC) Direct Current is a flow of charge always in one direction. (DC) Direct Current is a flow of charge always in one direction. (Batteries) (Batteries) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

(AC) - Alternating Current is a flow of charge back and forth, changing its direction many times in one second. (AC) - Alternating Current is a flow of charge back and forth, changing its direction many times in one second. (Plugs and outlets / household) (Plugs and outlets / household) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Advantages of AC –Voltage can be raised or lowered –More efficient over long distances Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Advantages of AC –Voltage can be raised or lowered. –More efficient over long distances Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Advantages of AC –Voltage can be raised or lowered. –More efficient over long distances. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Rockin Quiz! –This is your chance to rock it out in science class so don’t just sit there. At least rock your head or tap your desk etc. –After some intro slides, teacher will call on a student to rock it out on their way to the board. –Student goes to board and touches the picture that represents AC or DC on the AC/DC logo (If using a screen just point and drum the air). –Student will then pick a new student to go to the board as the teacher changes the slide. –Thunderstruck video (For the music during quiz and I didn’t see anything inappropriate ).

Thunderstruck - Play Now! hAM&ob=av3n hAM&ob=av3n

“DC”

“Its one way!”

“AC”

“It Alternates!”

Is this (AC) Alternating Current, or (DC) Direct Current?

?

Where do you find this strange device? –What does it do?

An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device.

Ampere: A measure of how much current moves through a wire in one second. Ampere: A measure of how much current moves through a wire in one second. Basically, the larger the size of wire, the greater the ampere capacity. Basically, the larger the size of wire, the greater the ampere capacity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where do your see these plugs? –Why are they larger? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: The Plug to a dryer or stove is much thicker than a standard outlet to account for extra amps. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: The Plug to a dryer or stove is much thicker than a standard outlet to account for extra amps. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Watt: The amount of electricity consumed per second. Watt: The amount of electricity consumed per second. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… –How many watts does it require?

Raise your hand if you have no clue because you weren’t paying attention for that black slide that discussed what a Watt was?

Electricity Available Sheet

A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A Watt is calculated by multiplying volts times amps. Most household electrical usage is billed in kilowatt hours, or the amount of hours times 1,000 watts. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment… –How many watts does it require?

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment –How many watts does it require? –Watts = Volts x Amps –Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment –How many watts does it require? –Watts = Volts x Amps –Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment –How many watts does it require? –Watts = Volts x Amps –Watts = 120v x 2.5amps =

Question? We have a small computer server with a sticker that shows 2.5 amps. Given a normal 120 Volt, 60 hz power source and the ampere reading from equipment –How many watts does it require? –Watts = Volts x Amps –Watts = 120v x 2.5amps = 300 Watts

More Units Available at… Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River and Water Quality Unit, The Water Molecule Unit. Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit, and The Science Skills Unit. Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Entire Science Skills Unit includes a… Five Part 3,700 Slide PowerPoint roadmap full of class activities, video links, red slide class notes, discussion questions, games, and much more. 18 page bundled homework package that chronologically follows the PowerPoint slideshow. Modified version and answer keys are provided. 19 pages of unit notes with visuals for students who require assistance and support staff. 3 PowerPoint review games, 14 worksheets that follow slideshow activities, many video and academic links, rubrics, help sheets, curriculum guide, and much more. – nit.htmlhttp:// nit.html

Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit Part I: Matter and Phase Change Part II: Gas Laws and more Part III: Energy, the EM Spectrum and much more. Part IV: Energy and Electricity, Magnetism Topics Part V: The Environment

Activity! Energy Topics Review Game. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy