SECTION 4ASSESSMENT, PAGE 95 Ancient Egyptian Culture

Hieroglyphs-pictures and other written symbols

Example of a Egyptian writing: the letter G

Papyrus – plants grow on the banks of the Nile

They are made into a pulp

And then into paper

Astronomers studied the stars

And predicted when the Nile would flood each year

Jean Francois Champollion is the French man who translated the Rosetta Stone

The French discovered a stone tablet in Rosetta, Egypt and used it to decipher.

The Rosetta Stone is now in the British Museum in London

How were the lives of Egypt’s peasants ruled by the seasons?

Lives of peasants  During the flood season, they worked on roads, temples, and buildings  After the flood, they planted crops and later harvested them.

Food and drink were offered to harvest gods for good luck.

1 (b). How did the seasons affect all of Egyptian society?  The economy was mostly based on farming and trade, so the flood season influenced the prosperity of all the people.  Harvest season was busy for peasants and for merchants.

2 (a). Describe how Egyptians used hieroglyphics to communicate.  These picture symbols were used to represent sounds, ideas, or things.  This writing is found on the walls of tombs, carved on stones, and on papyrus.

2 (b). What was the importance of writing in society?  Writing allowed people to keep track of goods bought and sold.  It allowed the government to record the taxes that were paid  They could also keep track of time.

3 (a).What areas of science and medicine did they study?

The Egyptians studied  Astronomy – accurate calendar, Nile flood  Herbalism or using plants as medicine  The human body – the mummification process helped them understand and perform surgery  Mathematics – the used addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.  Geometry helped them plan and build the pyramids

Some surgical instruments

They learned about the body from making mummies!

They made an accurate calendar to plan when to plant, harvest, and prepare for the floods.

3. (b) How did the achievements affect later civilizations?

Papyrus

Surgery  They could set broken bones and treat injuries to the spine.  Because they wrote down all of their medical treatments, the Greeks and Romans learned from their wisdom and added on to it.

Scribes played an important role in the pharaoh’s court.