By: Reggie, Blair, Olivia and Abby Digestive System By: Reggie, Blair, Olivia and Abby

Table Of Contents Slide 1: Title Page (Digestive System) Slide 2: Table Of Contents Slide 3: What Role Does the Digestive System Play in the Human Body? Slide 4: The Major Organs in the Digestive System. Slide 5: How do the Major Organs Work Together? Slide 6: How is the Digestive System Connected to other Systems? Slide 7: What are the levels of Organization in humans? Slide 8: What are 2 Common Diseases that effect the Digestive system? Slide 9: How can I Maintain a Healthy Digestive System? Slide 10: Professions that Work with the Digestive System. Slide 11: Fun Facts! Slides 12&13: References

What Role Does the Digestive System Play in the Human Body? The digestive system is a 9 meter long tube that breaks down food starting in the mouth. It’s first chewed (mechanical digestion) then is swallowed down the throat and enters the stomach. The food in the stomach is mixed with mild acids (chemical digestion) then is made into a paste that slowly progresses’ into the small intestine. Foods that cannot be broken down further in the small intestine then exit through the large intestine out of the body. The digestive system is very important because without it there is no other way the food could be broken down and made into energy and digested, which every human needs to survive.

The Major Organs in the Digestive System. The stomach: A big pink muscular bag. The liver: The largest solid organ in the body, usually weighs about 3.5 pounds. The gall bladder: Stores bile produced in the liver. The Pancreas: A gland that produces Insulin. The Small Intestine: An 8m long, looped tube. The Large Intestine: Absorbs water from unused food. The Anus: Pushes waste out of the body. The Rectum: An 8 inch storage place for feces. The Colon: Passes waste material. The Esophagus: A tube that carries chewed food. The Tongue: Is necessary for chewing and swallowing. The saliva glands: They lye under the floor of the mouth. The Teeth: Are hard white tiny structures used for chewing.

How do the Major Organs Work Together? Food enters the mouth. In the mouth the food is chewed and mixed with saliva that starts to break the food down. The food goes down the throat and the esophagus into the stomach. In the stomach, stomach acid and the food mixes and breaks down into smaller particles then it goes in the small intestine. In the liver, bile is made and stored in the gallbladder. Bile digests the fats we eat when it is released in the small intestine. Secretions from the pancreas also help digest food in the small intestine. The small intestine stretched out would be as long as a football field. The food is further broken down in the small intestine so it can be absorbed through the lining of the intestine into the bloodstream to travel to the cells. The leftovers or waste from the small intestine go to the large intestine where water is absorbed into the body and feces is formed. The feces goes into the rectum to be stored until it is released through the anus.

4.How is the Digestive System Connected to Other Systems? The digestive system is connected to the excretory system by filtering all the excess materials and nutrients that the body doesn’t need from inside the kidneys then Into the small intestine. The small intestine only controls liquid waste, so if it is materialized waste, it travels through the small intestine, and then transports the materialized waste into the large intestine and then into the rectum and/or anus and then out of the body. The excretory controls all the amount of water and the bloodstream; It filters and cleans up waste and all of the material from inside the kidneys to maintain the body’s bloodstream and amount of materials. It is also related to the circulatory system by transporting it all through the body inside the bloodstream and into the major organs.

What are the Levels of Organization in Humans? Levels of organization in digestive system Epithelial cells Epilethial tissue Stomach Digestive system Levels of organization in a human Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems One of the organs in the digestive system is the stomach. The stomach is an organ because it is made up of many different tissues. One of the tissues is epithelial tissue, and epithelial tissue is made up epithelial cells. Another example is the kidneys. Inside the kidneys, there is muscular tissue, which is made out of muscle cells.

What are 2 Common Diseases that Effect the Digestive System? 1. a)First Example: Celiac Disease- One percent of people around the world are born with celiac disease. Celiac Disease is a condition which the inner surface of the small intestine is hurt by gluten. Gluten is a protein found in barley and wheat. The small intestine cannot absorb nutrients into the bloodstream to feed the cells. b) The treatment of celiac disease is to have a gluten free diet for life. It does not have a cure. 2. a)Second Example: Heartburn or gastro esophageal reflux disease is when acid from stomach goes up into the esophagus, that burns the tissue in the esophagus. It causes pain. b) The treatment for heartburn can be different for each person. Sometimes changing the amount and the kind of food you eat. Also you can take different kinds of medication and lose weight.There is n cure to fully get rid of it.

How Can you Maintain a Healthy System? Eat Healthy: Eating healthy is key in maintaining a healthy digestive system. Foods that are high in fiber such as fruits and whole grains can easily pass and be digested through the digestive system. Also be cautions about how much fat you are consuming. High fat content in your diet can be harmful to your digestive system and may cause aggravate diseases and also heart disease. Be sure to drink lots of water. When you drink water it breaks down nutrients and helps the passage of wastes Eat slowly, regularly and moderately: To avoid putting to much stress on your digestive system try to not eat large portions at a time, have a plan with what you are going to eat at meal and snack time. When you are chewing food don’t rush it, relax and take a while to chew to make sure food is broken down properly. Physical activity: Exercising regularly decreases sluggishness. When you exercise you strengthen your abdominal muscles which helps contents push through your digestive system smoothly. Reduce Stress: When people are Stressed it effects the nerves of the digestive system and can confuse the digestive system. When stress levels are high in some people it can slow the process of digestion, cause bloating, pain and constipation.

Professions that Work with the Digestive System? Gastroenterology is the medical specialty concerned with the digestive system, Gastroenterology treats diseases and chronic conditions affecting the entire system from the esophagus to the rectum. These include complaints such as persistent heart burn. Proctologist: A physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus. It is a surgical specialist.

Fun Facts! An adult stomach can hold about 1.5 litres of material Cooking destroys food enzymes, forcing the body to make is own, which can cause possible indigestion. We produce about 1.7 litres of saliva each day. In the mouth, food is either cooled or warmed to a more suitable temperature. The esophagus is approximately 25cm long.

References For front picture on title page: Your Digestive system and colostomy http://www.us.coloplast.com/ostomycare/education/basicinfo/yourdigestivesystem/ Question 1: A look inside The Human body http://warriors.warren.k12.il.us/dburke/digestivesystem.htm Picture: The digestive system diagram, organs, functions and more!: http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-system Question 2: Inner body http://www.innerbody.com/ Question 3: Question Principles Of Anatomy and Physiology (Textbook) Question 4: Inner Body Question 5: Types of Tissues worksheet Question 6: Heartburn/GERD overview www.webmd.com

Question 7: GESA http://www.gesa.org.au/content.asp?id=105 Question 8: Medical Careers Digestive felids http://work.chron.com/medical-careers-digestive-felids Question 9: Library.org http://www.think.library.org/