Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Tree seed supply chains Genetic bottlenecks in the restoration of Araucaria nemorosa David Boshier & Chris Kettle.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Five Factors of Evolution
Advertisements

Fragmentation & Reproductive Output. Altered landscapes Less habitat Smaller patches Various shapes Smaller populations Fewer mates Fewer resources for.
Genetic erosion and pollution - genetic and conservation consequences for European forest tree species François Lefèvre INRA, Avignon (France)
Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Tree seed supply chains Tree planting on farms in East Africa: how to ensure genetic diversity? David Boshier,
Habitat Fragmentation 1. A reduction in total area 2. Creation of separate isolated patches from a larger continuous distribution 3. Leads to overall reduction.
Non-Random Mating. What is it? Non-random mating- the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs.
Microevolution Chapter 18 contined. Microevolution  Generation to generation  Changes in allele frequencies within a population  Causes: Nonrandom.
Species conservation strategies Talbotiella gentii: genetic variation and conservation David Boshier, Daniel Dompreh and Mike Swaine.
Smaller populations, larger frequency change? What about allele size effects What about environmental variation Are large populations limited to one peak.
Fertility variation and gene diversity in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus sylvestris Nebi Bilir 1, Kyu-Suk Kang 2 and Dag Lindgren 3 1 Suleyman Demirel.
Population Genetics I. Evolution: process of change in allele
Genetics The rate of evolutionary change in a population is proportional to the amount of genetic diversity available.
Conservation Genetics: Lessons from Population & Evolutionary Genetics.
Salit Kark Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Conservation Biology.
AP Chapter Mutation  Variation  Natural Selection  Speciation Organisms better suited to the environment SURVIVE & REPRODUCE at a greater rate.
Factors Affecting Population Change
Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology Chapter 55.
Trees outside of forests Devising options for conservation of two tree species outside of forests David Boshier.
Trees outside of forests Conservation of tree species diversity in cocoa agroforests in Nigeria David Boshier.
Species conservation strategies Leucaena salvadorensis: genetic variation and conservation David Boshier.
Key terms Genetic diversity – genetic differences between individuals within a population (in terms of alleles) Allele frequency – how often a particular.
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section B: Causes of Microevolution 1.Microevolution is generation-to-generation.
Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations.
The Genetics of Evolution What is the relationship between the genes of a population and evolution?
What is it?  A population bottleneck (or genetic bottleneck) is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is.
D3: Thursday, 12/19 Tahlia collected data for the bluejay population this summer. She calculated the allele frequencies for a certain gene (toe length).
Inbreeding if population is finite, and mating is random, there is some probability of mating with a relative effects of small population size, mating.
Conservation Genetics Currently (2004) the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) estimates there have been 784 documented extinctions.
Species conservation strategies
Evolution: Part 1 The driver of the diversity and unity of life.
Populations, Genes and Evolution Ch Population Genetics  Study of diversity in a population at the genetic level.  Alleles  1 individual will.
Problems of Island Existence: Conditions on the Hawaiian Archipelago and Other Oceanic Islands Inspected by: Andrew Bishop #8.
Delivering trees to farmers: improving strategies for germplasm supply Session 2.3. Particular issues for germplasm access, quality and management at a.
I. I.Microevolution Evolution occurs when populations don’t meet all the H-W assumptions Process by which a population’s genetic structure changes = microevolution.
Fossil Record & Homologies  Scientists have used the fossil record to construct a history of life on Earth. This is only a theory Fossil record is not.
EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE WITHOUT SELECTION - created by Ms Mak.
Mechanisms of Evolution & their Effects on Populations.
Mechanisms of Evolution 16.1 Causes of microevolution.
National programme for Populus nigra conservation Marc Villar, coord. EUFORGEN Network for Populus nigra & P. alba Sven de Vries, chair Davorin Kajba,
 The science of genetic change in populations.  Population- interbreeding single-species group  individuals of the same species, living in the same.
Section 6 Maintenance of Genetic Diversity Levels of genetic diversity result from the joint impacts of: Mutation & migration adding variation Chance &
The plant of the day Bristlecone pine - Two species Pinus aristata (CO, NM, AZ), Pinus longaeva (UT, NV, CA) Thought to reach an age far greater than any.
Habitat loss and fragmentation I Bio 415/615. Questions 1.What does F ST measure? 2.How does F ST relate to fire management and collared lizards in the.
Causes Of Micro-evolution The Evolutionary Process Requires 2 Steps:
Other Methods of Evolution
Conifer trees grow from seeds. Conifer trees are plants that make seeds using cones!
Processes of Evolution
The plant of the day Pinus longaevaPinus aristata.
Fun fact: Humans are one of the least diverse species; fruit flies are 10x as diverse.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium No Selection  No Mutation  No Exchange of Genes (today) Infinite (very large) Population Size (Monday) Random Mating (after.
Genetic monitoring methodologies for allogamous crop wild relatives Group B - results.
Studying evolution in small populations Life is a fine balance between shared commonalities and amazing diversity.
Population bottlenecks often result in reduced or no genetic variation.
Warm-up Questions: A population has a better chance of survival if the population is more genetically _____________. A population has a better chance of.
Biodiversity The number of different species in a particular area.
Shaping Evolutionary Theory
Box 9.1 History of Conservation Genetics
The Genetics of Evolution
Factors Affecting Population Change
Calculating genetic biodiversity
Population Genetics.
Mechanisms of Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution
I can draw and explain how natural selection of species is affected by humans (1A2)
CHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS
Evolutionary Change Without Natural Selection
Unit 4: Principles of Ecology
Microevolution How does evolution work?
Vocab #21 Mr. Addeo.
Population Conservation
Presentation transcript:

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Tree seed supply chains Genetic bottlenecks in the restoration of Araucaria nemorosa David Boshier & Chris Kettle

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Location of New Caledonia

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide What are the impacts of human interventions on trees? 13 of the 19 species of Araucaria

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide What are the impacts of human interventions on trees?

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide A. rulei endangered A. muelleri lower risk – conservation dependent

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Araucaria nemorosa – critically endangered (IUCN) monoecious flowers, self-compatible, wind pollinated, wind dispersed

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide

A. nemorosa

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide

Study Compared genetic diversity in plants from i.cones collected from trees vs ii.seed from forest floor

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Where & how should we conserve?

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Production of ripe cones in six natural populations PopulationCodeArea (ha) NSample size # of trees >15cm dbh # of trees with cones # cones/ trees with cones Mean dbh (cm) Minimum dbh of trees with cones (cm) KaanuaN > VaneN > New ForestN315.2 > ,2,3, Mini NuriN51.28 < ,2,7, Foret NordN ,1,1,3, Natasha’sN71.48 < ,

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide How big is “big enough”? 50/500 rule (Franklin 1980) 50 - inbreeding depression to acceptable level sufficient for new variation from mutation to replace that lost by genetic drift refers to effective population size (N e ) rather than survey numbers (N) – so may need many more! in trees N e smaller than N due to: overlapping generations, dioecy, asynchronous flowering, fecundity differences between individuals

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Genetic diversity, % rare alleles (<0.1), inbreeding coefficients in: adults (A), wild seedlings (W), nursery seedlings (N) PopulationCodeSample type A E (S.E.) H e (S.E.) % rare alleles F IS NeNe KaanuaN1A9.53 (2.46) 0.72 (0.09) * KaanuaN1W8.83 (1.90) 0.71 (0.09) *30 KaanuaN1N2.81 (0.46) 0.46 (0.09) n.s.1 Foret NordN6A6.12 (1.11)0.65 (0.07) n.s. Foret NordN6W5.59 (0.90) 0.62 (0.07) *11 Foret NordN6N6.40 (0.87) 0.69 (0.05) *N/C

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Theory direct impacts decrease pop. size increase spatial isolation decrease densities change local environment genetic processes genetic drift gene flow mating - inbreeding selection

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Bottleneck  genetic drift

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide Your mission draw out the seed supply chain design a strategy for the collection and use of germplasm Objective – ensure the maintenance of genetic diversity in the on-going restoration efforts for this threatened species

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide How? Step 1 - map out the seed/germplasm supply chain for A. nemorosa Draw a flow diagram of the chain, from the source to the final user, within the field of restoration (from seed tree  to a new plant in its final use). The map should identify players (individuals, institutions) and processes in the chain (what the players do) influences of the chain on genetic variation (bottlenecks, selection, genetic drift) limiting social factors in the chain (e.g. policies/laws, business, institutions or resources)

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide

How? Step 2 – analysis What are the genetic risks associated with the actual system of seeds? Specific recommendations to improve the situation, dealing with the diversity within the seed system (e.g. practical methods of collecting germplasm that ensure genetic diversity in restoration efforts)

Forest Genetic Resources Training Guide