Classifying Types of Biodiversity SBI3U

Recall: DICHOTOMOUS KEY EXAMPLE 1. a. tail fins are horizontal—whale………………….go to 2 b. tail fins are vertical—fish……………………….go to 3 2. a. has teeth or tusk—toothed whale………………..go to 4 b. has no teeth………………………...BALEEN WHALE 3. a. has gill slits behind mouth—shark…….………...go to 5 b. has no gill slits……………………..NONSHARK FISH 4. a. black with white underside………….KILLER WHALE b. tusk, gray with dark spots………………....NARWHAL 5. a. head is hammershaped……..HAMMERHEAD SHARK b. tail is half the body length……….THRESHER SHARK

Bird W: Bird Y: Bird X: Bird Z:

What is Diversity? . . .

Diversity Species Diversity: the variety and abundance of species in a given area Genetic Diversity: the variety of heritable characteristics in a population of interbreeding individuals. Ecosystem Diversity: the variety of ecosystems in the biospheres.

Genetic Diversity – Recall Key Terms Gene pool Alleles Population Diversity

What happens to the genetic diversity of organisms when there is allopatric speciation? When a species are separated in two different regions, there is a lot of allelic variation between both regions. This is due to the different environmental conditions which alter the genetic information.

1) Provides resistance to disease 2) Supports conservation biology Advantages of Genetic Diversity 1) Provides resistance to disease 2) Supports conservation biology

1) Providing Resistance to Disease Low genetic diversity = greater chance of being affected by disease (possible extinction) High Genetic diversity = greater chance of survival (promotes evolution) Tasmanian Devil, native to southern state of Australia were affected by a facial tumour disease.

2) Conservation Biology Conservation Biology: study of biodiversity and its protection Knowledge of genetic diversity enables scientists to develop of strategies to save endangered species. How could scientists help increase the genetic diversity within a population of species?

2) Conservation Biology - Strategies Take species from a different location and introduce them into a new population. (controlled gene flow) New versions of alleles are introduced to the gene pool, thus increasing genetic diversity. Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) from a population in Texas have been moved to Florida to increase genetic variation

Ecosystem Diversity There’s a variety of ecosystems found within the biosphere. Ecosystems consists of a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic and abiotic factors contribute to proper function of the ecosystem. E.g. Trees provide O2 for animals, H2O from lakes evaporate and to form clouds = precipitation

Ecosystem Diversity BC has some of the most diverse ecosystems. Earth’s surface can vary physically and chemically depending on the region. This variation increases the biodiversity.

Ecosystem Diversity Ecosystems provide benefits to organisms. Life on earth depends on the goods that the ecosystem has to offer. Ecosystem Service: Ecosystem service: benefits provided by the ecosystem.

Ecosystem Diversity What are some ecosystem services? (pg. 32) How would ecosystem services be affected if there was little ecosystem diversity? **Note: Governmental and NGOs work together to ensure that ecosystems are preserved and protected.

Examples of Ecosystem Service Climate regulation: the ability of an ecosystem to regulate CO2, NO2, CH4 levels in the atmosphere. Pollination: Ability to pollinate crops. Wilderness: providing a habitat for wildlife Food production: crops; livestock

Ecosystem and Species Diversity Resilience: ability of an ecosystem to remain functional and stable in the presence of disturbances. More diversity = better chance the organisms within the system are able to adapt (maintain equilibrium) **See Graphs on pg. 35

Ecosystem and Human action Humans can enhance the services provided by the ecosystem. May provide recreational advantages to humans But it can disrupt the entire ecosystem by interfering with the food chain.

Ecosystem and Human Actions Example: In California, scientists introduced a stock of non-native trout into the lake for recreational purposes. Introducing the trout reduced the number of amphibians and insects in the ecosystem. Why did this occur?

Essential Questions 1. Why is genetic diversity important to the survival of a species? 2. In the case of the Florida panther, humans intervened to save the species. Do you agree or disagree that humans should intervene? Why or why not?

DNA Bar Codes Read pg 36 – DNA Bar Codes Questions: What is a DNA Bar Code? What are the benefits?

Homework Textbook: pg. 37 # 2-4, 6, 7, 9