By: Estefany Ramos Period 1 Chapter 1: From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations, 8000-1500 B.C.E By: Estefany Ramos Period 1

Geography on early Civilizations The earliest societies developed in the floodplains of great rivers in Asia and Africa: Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, Indus in Pakistan, Yellow River in China, and the Nile in Egypt. The periodic flooding on the rivers brought benefits( deposits of fertile silt and water for agriculture) but threatened lives and property. The climate made an impact of the crops.

Time-line: Mesopotamia 3000-2350 B.C.E Early Dynastic ( Sumerian) 2112-2004 B.C.E Third Dynasty of Ur ( Sumerian) 1500-1150 B.C.E Kassite 1900-1600 B.C.C Old Babylonian ( Semitic) 2350-2230 B.C.E Akkadian ( Semitic)

Time-Line: Egypt 2575- 2134 B.C.E Old Kingdom 2040-1640 B.C.E Middle Kingdom 1532-1070 B.C.E New Kingdom 3100-2575 B.C.E Early Dynastic 2134-2040 B.C.E First Intermediate Period 1640-1532- B.C.E Second Intermediate Period

Time-line: Indus Valley 2600 B.C.E Beginning of Indus Valley Civilization 1900 B.C.E End of Indus Valley Civilization

Why they were called civilizations Cities served as administrative centers Had a political system on control of a defined territory rather than kinship connections Monumental building Major advances in science and technology Long distance trade System for keeping permanent records

Independent Invention vs. Diffusion Animals like cows, sheep, horses, chickens, goat, etc. provided transport and wool for clothes Artistic skills came to the civilizations and were passed between societies. The term “Stone Age” is misleading because the tools weren't all made out of stone but bone, skin, and wood . Didn't last long the tools made out of those materials. Laws came out like in Mesopotamia “Hammurabi's Code of Law”

Indus Valley vs Egypt vs Mesopotamia Indus Valley religion was Hinduism meaning they were Polytheistic, while Egypt and Mesopotamia were Monotheistic Ruling was determined by how much land the person had and didn't have a social hierarchy but eventually monarchy became important classification appeared.

Activity Take out a piece of paper and match the following terms: 1. Paleolithic __ 2. Foragers __ 3. Neolithic __ a. hunting and food-gathering people b. the New Stone Age, which was associated with the origins of agriculture, followed Old Stone Age. c. the Old Stone Age, lasted until 10,000 years ago about 3,00 years after the last Ice Age

Chapter 2: New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres 2200-250 B.C.E By: Lyanne Danh

New Civilizations China ( 2000 - 221 B.C.E ) Nubia ( 3100 B.C.E - 350 C.E ) Olmecs & Chavin ( 1200 - 250 B.C.E )

China Eastern edge of Eurasian landmass Neolithic cultures developed in 8000 B.C.E 2nd millennium Shang & Zhou monarchs emerged and spread to the south and west Such as Mesopotamia , Egypt, & Indus Valley

Shang and Zhou dynasties Had pottery and forms of burials Grew millet , raised pigs & chickens and used stone tools Orginated by the yellow river Made silk with silk worms Extended to the Yangzi river and into mongolia Barbarians were nomadic people

Prisoners turned into slaves Bronze was a sign of nobility Shang artisians made weapons

Were isolated from the eastern hemisphere Rise of cities and specialized in labor, beuratic government and writing Were isolated from the eastern hemisphere Highly decentralized , made Great Wall, collected taxes & wrote the code of laws Loess was a yellow - brownish dust that fell into the Yellow River giving it its name Surrounded by mountains Made transport , migration and communications difficult and slow

Religions Legalism - wealth and power of the state & demands for obedience were justified by authorian political philosophy Confucianism - Confucius emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty & dignity Daoism - Laozi emphasized to Follow your path

Nubia Applied to the Nile & Egyptians called it Ta-sety ( Land of the bow ) Served as a corridor for trade Natural resources were gold, copper, and semiprecious stones Got the name Kush Kushite craftsmen were skillfull metalworkers Egyptians destroyed Kush by expansion