“Near the end of chapter 11, Genesis narrows its focus to a single family, that of Abraham and Sarah. The stories of this family and their descendants take up the rest of Genesis. The narratives that make up this part of Genesis belong to the genre of legend, the kinds of stories ancient peoples told about their ancestors. Such stories may contain very ancient remembrances of ancestral tradition, but they are not what we call history.” (Sumney, 67)

The Theory Written during the Babylonian captivity 1500 years after the alleged events occur Authored by priests to inspire the people Mythology, folktales, and legends Question: Is the Genesis record of the patriarchs reliable as history?

Which does Genesis sound like? Mythology: Stories about the gods Folktales: Anonymous people; vague setting Legends: Other worldly, “… a world peopled by golden mountains, lapis lazuli rocks, animals that come alive when their severed heads are rejoined, and so on.” (Kitchen) History: Specific people in specific places doing specific, “ordinary” things

Terah has three sons (Haran, Abraham, Nahor) and a nephew (Lot) (Gn 11). They live in Ur of the Chaldees. Abraham takes his family southwest, travelling as far as Egypt (Gn 12-13). Abraham fights invaders (Gn 14), enters a covenant with his God (Gn 15), fathers children (Gn 16-18), and sees his son marry before his death (Gn 24-25).

Genesis 12:18 How could Abraham, from the East, actually meet Pharaoh, who lived in the South of Egypt?

From BC, Egyptian kings kept an East Delta palace near Avaris.

Genesis 12:10-20 Did travelers from the East visit Egypt? Tomb of Khnumhotep II (1870 BC), governor on the Nile’s east bank.

How do we know they are from the East? His name is Ab-sharru, a middle Eastern name meaning “the father is king.” Ab-ram: “the father is exalted”

Are these authentic names? Notice that Patriarchal names often begin with a “ya/yi” sound (or in English “i” or “j”). Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob, Joseph … etc. This type of name is common in ancient history at certain times. A study of names in all known ancient historical records in this region reveals the following …

Genesis 37:28 Joseph sold as a slave for 20 Shekels 1800 BC: 20 Shekels – Code of Hammurabi – From transactions at Mari and Old Babylon 1500 BC: 30 Shekels (See Ex 21:32) 1000 BC: Shekels (Assyria) 500 BC: Shekels (Persian)

From K.A. Kitchen: “The oft-stated claim of a ‘consensus’ that the patriarchs never existed is itself a case of self delusion on the data presented here, and (if one may be forgiven for saying so) in fact a ‘con- nonsense-us’!” Read Hebrews 11:8-22