Chapters 12 and 13. During the prosperous 1820s-40s there was an increasing concern in society as a whole for the need to reform- to make America as.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Obj: What assumptions were behind the religious movements of the era & did they & the subsequent reform movements actually make people more equal?
Advertisements

Protestant Revivalists. What problems did Protestant Revivalists want to solve? Alcoholism, illiteracy, overcrowded housing, poor health care, abuse of.
Chapter 12 The Pursuit of Perfection. Phrenology “Science” could be bent for profit and sheer nonsense could become big business. Phrenology was the idea.
Strive for Perfection. Key Concepts: “The Second Great Awakening unleashed a cascade of reform during the 1820s and 1830s….Some reformers withdrew from.
CH. 8-1 NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA American History.
New Movements in America
By: Darrah & Katelyn. Discovered by Ralph Waldo Emerson, in New England in 1831.Romanticism is a artistic, and intellectual movement that emphasized nature,
BellRinger  As the country grew, so did its spirit of freedom. People dedicated to freedom from slavery, illiteracy, and political and social inequality.
Chapter 12 An Age of Reform
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
The Ferment of Reform Second Great Awakening  Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches  Original sin replaced with optimistic.
Antebellum Reform Movements
A.P. U.S. History Mr. Krueger.  – Revivals in the North  Charles G. Finney led the revival in Rochester, NY.  Heavy Drinkers and irregular.
The 1 st Great Awakening 1730’s – 1740’s  Many early American religious groups in the Calvinist tradition had emphasized the deep depravity of human.
Democracy in the Age of Andrew Jackson
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Religion and Reform Movements.
13.4: Social Reform Movements. A. Evangelism, Reform and Social Control 1.Middle-class Americans responded to the dislocations of the market revolution.
Chapter 9.
Immigration and Reform Period 4: Immigration Work with a partner to complete immigration analysis.
Chapter 12 the second great awakening. Second Great Awakening Known as the rise of evangelism mostly due to the end of government sponsorship of certain.
Reviving Religion And the Birth of the Reform Movement.
United States History. Second Great Awakening  Religious revivals swept through the north 1830  New Evangelist movement called on people to repent from.
Antebellum Reform Movements A New Wave of Reform Before the Civil War.
Religion and Reform. Transcendentalism Believed spiritual discovery and insight could lead to truth Urged self reliance and acting on one’s own beliefs.
New Movements in America Chapter 13. Immigrants Push Factors –Starvation –Poverty –No political freedom Pull Factors –Jobs –Freedom & equality –More land.
Transcendentalism ( ) An important movement in American philosophy and literature.
Chandler Shannon. Utopian communities were invented by Plato in his book Republic The actual word Utopia was from a book called Utopia by Thomas Moore.
An Age of Reform
Reform Goal 2. Utopian Communities During the early 1800s, some Americans wanted to distance themselves from the evils of society. Organizers of utopias.
A Religious Awakening 8.1.
Communal Experiments By: Alejandro Velasquez, Arleth Lagunas, Tali Papadakos, Jose Iglesias, Kayla Sarmiento (Period 4)
Religious & Women’s Reform Chapter 15. Religious Reform The Second Great Awakening: religious movement that swept America in the early 1800’s The Second.
PresentationExpress. Click a subsection to advance to that particular section. Advance through the slide show using your mouse or the space bar. Religion.
Warm-up Have your chapter 12 notes out.. Chapter 12 the second great awakening.
Women & Reform Limits & Possibilities. Limits on Women’s Lives Women could not vote or hold public office Divorces ended up with husband getting custody.
Religious Reforms. Second Great Awakening New religious fervor swept through US in 1830s –Concentrated in upstate NY.
The Democratization of American Religion Chapter 7.4 U.S. History.
Chapter 12 Section 1 Improving Society Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers.
Religion Sparks Reform Chapter 8 Section 1. I the Second Great Awakening Preachers reject the 18 th cent. Belief that god predetermined your salvation.
Chapter 8 An Age of Reform What is REFORM? Use your Greek and Latin knowledge re-form – to make better as by stopping abuses By the mid-1800s,
Unit 5 Antebellum (Pre – Civil War) America The search for TRUE Core Democratic Values (Liberty, Equality, Voting) for Everyone.
A Push for Reform Ch 3 sec 2 I. Religion Sparks Reform In the 1820’s there was a Second Great Awakening, when people returned to their religious roots.
The Age of Reform Chapter 12. The Second Great Awakening: l Camp meetings provided emotional religious experiences on the frontier.
UTOPIAN EXPERIMENTS/SOCIETIES By: Jasmine Pasillas, Dario Saenz, Jacelyn Hudgins, Brenda Ramirez.
RELIGION AND REFORM IN THE EARLY 19 TH CENTURY JACKSONIAN REFORM MOVEMENTS.
New Movements in America 15.1 America’s Spiritual Awakening.
CHAPTER 8, SECTION 1 NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA. RELIGION SPARKS REFORM Charles Grandison Finney Led revivals (meetings) to revive (awaken) religious feelings.
Objective and Scales I can describe the expansion of democracy and compare and contrast the various reform movements (temperance, prison/mentally ill,
Knights Charge 11/9 If you were to reform one school rule what would it be? How would you go about trying to reform it? If you were to reform an American.
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
Terms and People social reform – organized attempts to improve conditions of life predestination – the idea that God decided the fate of a person’s soul.
howstuffworks Ch 14 Social Reform.
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
Transcendentalism Hippies of the 1800s.
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
Reform in American Culture
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
The antislavery movement…where did it BEGIN?
Religion and Reform Focus Questions: What demands did women make? How did reform movements aim to change society?
2nd Great Awakening Revival of religious feeling in the early 1800’s
Objectives Discuss what led many Americans to try to improve society in the 1800s. Identify the social problems that reformers tried to solve. Summarize.
Second Great Awakening
Improving Society Chapter 8.
Unit 5 Antebellum (Pre – Civil War) America The search for TRUE Core Democratic Values (Liberty, Equality, Voting) for Everyone.
“The Pursuit of Perfection”
Chapter 9.1: Religious Zeal and New Communities
Antebellum Reform Movements
“Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism]
Aim: How did the reform movements of the 1840’s affect the US?
Chapter 8: Antebellum Reform
Presentation transcript:

Chapters 12 and 13

During the prosperous 1820s-40s there was an increasing concern in society as a whole for the need to reform- to make America as great as we felt it could be. The optimism of this time period shaped a number on movements regarding the desire for reform in social class issues, women’s rights/political inequality, religion and racism. Most reformers were middle class- generally from Northeast and Midwest. (south involved in some, but not others) Women vitally important- guardians of virtue etc… Reformers had a profound effect on politics and society.

If improvement is the goal- one way to achieve is by grouping together with like minded individuals to achieve your purpose. (whatever that may be) Often disillusioned by materialism and industrialism, wanted to create a simpler, more harmonious lifestyle Generally collective- all property owned by the group (essentially forerunners of socialism and communism)

1 st American communal movement. Founded by “Mother Ann” Stanley in England, came to US in Name comes from religious ceremonies where they were supposed to be experiencing the holy spirit. Had 20 communities in NY and OH with about 5000 members at peak. Believed in equality of sexes - opposed to marriage (and sex) made it hard for numbers to grow. (adopted orphans) Prosperous- known for quality furniture making (simplicity) Long lasting- survived until 1940s

Founded 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes based on new religious morality that sought free love, “complex” marriage, and selection of parents for better offspring. (sort of the anti-shaker) Noyes was very controlling, almost dictatorial. Prosperous due to metalwork (traps and silverware)

Founded 1841, Brook Farm was another Utopian Community- but based on the principles of Transcendentalism- the belief that the spiritual world is more real, and more important than the physical one. Truth therefore “transcends” the limitations of what we can experience. Inspired by European Romanticism, a reaction to industrialization that stressed passion and emotion- esp in the arts. Emphasized individualism, and self reliance. Hostile to “conventional” institutions. Brook farm was meant to show that intellect and physical labor are not mutually exclusive. Attracted writers and artists, nonconformists and reformers- but not farmers. Community collapsed in 1846 after a fire.

Robert Owen was a British industrialist- who didn’t like the degradation of factory workers – Owen buys a town in Indiana, and decided to create “New Harmony”. Wanted to stop pursuit of wealth in favor of a “new moral world” of communal living. Failed within a decade Josiah Warren created totally unregulated settlements at Utopia OH, and Modern Times NY. Goods valued on how much labor it took to make them- no “nonproducers” allowed. But the NO rules thing ended up with chaos….

Many reform movements drew inspiration from the 2 nd Great Awakening – which called for people to live more godly lives. “Perfectionism” – all humans are capable of indefinite improvement. Took reform movements that already existed (temperance, Abolitionism) to much more intense levels. Didn’t just want to make things “better” striving for extreme change.

Evangelicals called drinking a sin- and alcohol abuse was a serious problem in 19 th c America. Drunkenness decreased ability to work, and increased abuse of families. Temperance Movement promoted by churches to get men to slow or stop drinking voluntarily.. American Temperance Society founded 1826 TS Arthur’s “10 Nights in a Barroom and what I saw there” 2 nd best seller of 1850s. Temperance Fairly successful in reducing consumption, (in 1840s it was ½ what it had been in 1830s) but many started to look for Prohibition of Alcohol entirely. (Maine 1 st state to do so in 1851) Least sectional of all reform movements

Remember- this is the age of individualism – and reform movements tended to mess with that, which could get awkward Catholic immigrants particularly resentful – didn’t like “protestant morality” forced on them (and they liked to drink too). Plus, Catholics believe in original sin, so perfectionism is a waste of time….

Individualism and Reform needed to exist in a delicate balance. Reformers often explained what they were doing as attempts to “liberate” people from the “slavery” of drink, or sin Also said that true self fulfillment comes from self- discipline – and that was what they were trying to teach people. Felt immigrants lacked self control, and led lives of vice and sin. Published “Tracts” (religious pamphlets) and flooded them in immigrant areas.

In America- “crime” has always called for “punishment”. During 1830s and 1840s, one aspect of reform was taking those who were outside the system (by choice, like criminals, or not, like orphans and the mentally ill) and creating places where their character could be transformed Jails for criminals (long term) poorhouses, orphanages, asylums for the mentally ill. Intention was to “cure” whatever made person act “incorrectly”

The largest (and most important) “Institutions” built during the reform era were tax supported schools. Local primary schools already common (in North – south not into this) this expands on those “one room schoolhouses”. Horace Mann (educational reformer) said schools would “equalize the conditions of men”- an alternative for those who could not afford to buy land, they would provide self- discipline and social advancement. Would also reinforce morality through rules: obedience to authority, promptness, attendance, and organizing ones day into pre-determined periods. (Gee, school is like a factory….) Also provided the 1 st really “respectable” career for middle class women.