The Effects of Temporal Variation in Upper Ocean Processes on Benthic Boundary Layer Biology and Material Flux Paul Snelgrove Anna Metaxas Claudio DiBacco Don Deibel Alex Hay Brian Bornhold Paul Hill Benthos Larvae Hyperbenthos Bioturbation Microbial processes Boundary layer flow Sediment /material flux Verena Tunnicliffe Kim Juniper Grant Ferris Phil Archambault Gaston Desrosiers

How does material flux (quality and quantity) through canyon systems relate to boundary layer flow on daily, seasonal, and event-driven (e.g. slumping) time scales?How does material flux (quality and quantity) through canyon systems relate to boundary layer flow on daily, seasonal, and event-driven (e.g. slumping) time scales? How does flux of organic material (quality, quantity mean and variance) through canyon systems influence faunal response (community structure, spawning, bioturbation) of benthos, hyperbenthos, larvae, and microbes on daily to event-driven (e.g. slumping) and extended (e.g. regime shift) time scales?How does flux of organic material (quality, quantity mean and variance) through canyon systems influence faunal response (community structure, spawning, bioturbation) of benthos, hyperbenthos, larvae, and microbes on daily to event-driven (e.g. slumping) and extended (e.g. regime shift) time scales? How does upper water column variability influenceHow does upper water column variability influence deep-sea systems on multiple time scales? The Big Questions Craig Smith – Equatorial Pacific Abyssal Plain

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere BIOSPHERE Response Variables Biodiversity Biogeochemistry Functional Ecology Predictive Variables (multiple temporal & spatial scales) Hyperbenthos Epibenthos Infauna Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere BIOSPHERE Response Variables Biodiversity Biogeochemistry Functional Ecology Predictive Variables Climatic & Oceanographic Variability (multiple temporal & spatial scales) Hyperbenthos Epibenthos Infauna Water Column Group Benthic Group

Sample Questions 1.How do the HBZ, larvae, benthos and material flux respond to seasonal and spin-off eddy driven variability in Barkley Canyon, and do episodic changes in the physical regime strongly influence material flux and biological response? 2.*Do these topographic features support a specialized HBZ and benthic fauna, enhanced biomass, larger individuals, differences in feeding mode and activity, and a source of organisms (e.g. larvae) for adjacent environments? 3.*Are HBZ and benthic faunal responses to flux events in shallower areas more rapid than in deeper areas, and are there any structural differences in the response (e.g. types of species, diversity etc.) and time lags? *Note that low level of instrumentation will make this question primarily surface ship sampling based for biological responses.

*Nortek Aquadopp (2 MHz) +Kongsberg Mesotech Rotary Sonar (2.25 MHz fanbeam) +Sediment Traps +Plankton Pump +PanTilt Video *CTD *Fluorometer *Hi-Res Camera system *Microbial package *Pod 1 +Pod 2 Boundary layer measurements Barkley Canyon Larval, zooplankton & particle flux Megafauna, bioturbation, seabed features Boundary layer water mass and particulate characterization Bioturbation, seabed features colonization Microbial metabolism

Plankton Pump High volume pump Concentration mechanism Multiple samples Scheduled and event triggered Barkley Canyon

Sediment Trap (Technicap) Multiple samples Scheduled and event triggered MODEL PPS 4/3PPS 3/3PPS 5/2 Collecting area (sqm)0,050,1251 ShapeCylindro-conicalConical (36°) Baffleon requestHoneycomb cells Number of samples12 or 2424 Volume of sampling bottles* 250 ml Sampling interval1 hour - 60 days Operating depth3500 m (6000m on request)6000 m MATERIALS Trap body Glass reinforced polyester (GRP) on an alimentary gel-coat Polypropylene external GRP CarouselPETP (very hard thermoplastic)PETP Sampling bottles*Polypropylene Electronics/motor pressure case Aluminium alloy (AG 5086)Titanium (T 40) Mooring barStainless steel (316)Titanium (TA6V) Power supplyAA or/and AAA alkaline batteries DIMENSIONS (mm) Height Diameter WEIGHT (kg) In air In water Barkley Shelf Barkley Canyon

Aquadopp 2 Mz Aquadopp 600 kHz Vector (Nortek) Barkley Shelf Barkley Canyon Barkley Axis Barkley Shelf

Kongsberg Mesotech Rotary Sonar Barkley Shelf Barkley Canyon Barkley Axis