Table 1 Methods Conclusions Figure 1 Figure 2 References A link to a survey with 13 multiple-choice and open-ended questions was posted in pozhealth at yahoogroups.com and TheBody.com asking people to share information about demographics, time since diagnosis, type of complementary therapies and supplements used, and perceived benefits. The survey was publicized for four months in It is a work-in-progress, with more people participating as time progresses. Participation is voluntary and anonymous.. 1.Leeb, K et al. Complementary therapies for HIV: a significant part of out of pocket expenditure. In: Program and abstracts of the International Conference on AIDS. 1998; Abstract HIV Ontario Observational Database, Toronto, ON, Canada 2. Littlewood, R et al. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among HIV+ People: Research Synthesis and Implications for HIV Care. AIDS Care September: 20 (8): Sansevero, M et al. Nonvitamin, Nonmineral Dietary Supplementation in HIV-Positive People. Nutrition for Healthy Living (NFHL). Nutrition in Clinical Practice ( 6): Aghdassi, E et al. A Survey on the Usage of Supplements in Canadian Patients Living with HIV. Current HIV Research. September 2009, 7 (5): (7) As of October 2009, 513 HIV-infected people participated in the survey. The majority were males >40 years of age residing in the United States. 26% were non-white and 50% had been diagnosed for less than 10 years. 89% currently use complementary therapies. As shown in Figure 1, the most common therapies used were: nutritional supplements (88%), exercise (69%), prayer/spiritual approaches (33%), massage (32%), herbs (31%), meditation (24%), yoga (17%), acupuncture (16%) and chiropractic (12%). As shown in Figure 2, most participants expressed the belief that these therapies benefited them. Figure 3 details the reasons participants gave for their use of the various therapies, with “to increase energy” being the most common one, followed by “to increase CD4+ cells,” “for stress management,” “to lower triglycerides and lipids,” and others. The most common nutritional supplements and expected benefits are listed in Table 1. The use of several of these supplements was also reported in a previous survey(3). Limited data on most of these supplements are available from small proof-of-concept uncontrolled studies. Unlike other surveys (4), most participants discussed their use of complementary therapies with their HIV physician. However, many physicians do not have enough training in CAM to be able to properly advise patients on risks and benefits. Despite the inherent limitations and possible biases of self selection and the limited survey population, the use of complementary therapies remains widespread among patients living with HIV infection in the United States even with the availability of effective anti-retroviral therapy. As there is an overwhelmingly positive perception by patients of their benefits, the use of complementary therapies is likely to continue. Of special concern are the limited HIV-related data on several of these modalities and lack of interaction studies between the most common supplements and HIV antiretrovirals. Recommendations It is recommended that the most commonly reported supplements be included in pharmacology reviews and interaction studies in pre- and post- approval drug development protocols of new and existing HIV antiretrovirals. This survey also reveals that patients are seeking non-prescription options for a perceived control of their health and to increase stamina, CD4+ cell counts and to minimize side effects of medications. Further research on the reported options should be encouraged. Furthermore, patient and provider education programs on complementary therapies are needed to provide an update of current efficacy data and to avoid potential toxicities, interactions, and waste of patients’ financial resources. Introduction Results Figure 3 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not considered part of conventional medicine. The use of complementary therapies is common in people with chronic illnesses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, several concerns arise from their use, such as lack of controlled efficacy data, potential liver toxicity and other side effects, unknown interactions with HIV antiretrovirals, and lack of strict regulations on purity and potency. Furthermore, out-of-pocket weekly expenses for a supplement regimen can cost anywhere between $25 and $40 dollars (1). Previously published surveys indicate that CAM use is more common among HIV+ individuals with greater education and financial resources (2). CAM users are more likely to have experienced symptoms of HIV disease progression and to have longer disease duration (2). The objective of this survey was to determine the types of complementary therapies and nutritional supplements used by HIV-positive people who access the listserve pozhealth at yahoogroups.com, a web-based support group with 3400 members and TheBody.com, one of the largest HIV-related web sites in the U.S. (with more than 700,000 visitors a month). Supplement%Reported Perceived Benefits in Open-Ended Answers Multivitamins and B vitamins74To increased energy Fish oils38To decrease lipids L-carnitine and L-acetyl- carnitine 31To improve fatigue, lipids, brain function and neuropathy Coenzyme Q-1030To improve fatigue, prevent statin-related muscle myopathy, and to protect the heart Selenium27Antioxidant for increased CD4+ cells Vitamin D 325To prevent or reverse bone loss Creatine21To build muscle Probiotics20To decrease diarrhea DHEA19To increase energy, sexual function and brain function Whey Protein15To build muscle N-acetyl-cysteine15Antioxidant to increase CD4+ cells Niacin12To improve HDL cholesterol Alpha lipoic Acid10Antioxidant to improve glucose control and neuropathy S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e)10Antioxidant to improve fatigue, depression, liver function