Jim Hill Director, NMC Performance Assessment NEI SNPM Working Group ASQ Nuclear Power Production Committee Nuclear Power Fleet Operation Perspective September 13, 2004

Monticello Point Beach Kewaunee Palisades Prairie Island Duane Arnold Energy Center MN IA WI MI Hudson HQ

Nuclear Power Production Committee NPPC Mission To initiate, develop, and communicate improvements to the body of knowledge and tools applicable to quality management and quality engineering, and to promote the use of the knowledge and tools as applicable to nuclear power production.

Operational Challenges Maintaining or improving operational performance while controlling costs –Standardization of work processes Ensure public confidence in safety of nuclear operations –Plant Operation –Storage and transport of used nuclear fuel Other –Re-licensing –Aging Workforce

Process-Based Perspective of Site Objectives & Goals Planning Budgeting Management Reporting Core Production Processes Customers Asset Owner Local Community Employee Selection Training & Development Recognition & Rewards Performance Management Communication View the site as a business enterprise

Adapted from: EED Recommendations for the Implementation of Selected Leading Indicators of Performance at Nuclear Power Production Plants, ASQ, 1999

NRC Role: Maintain Regulation, issue licenses for operation of nuclear facilities, control of materials, etc. Performance Measures for plant operators –Creation further development of set of measures to monitor regulatory performance Focused solely on safety of operations Primarily measures outcomes, “leading” measures are very limited (appropriate for a regulator) Significance Determination Process –Probabilistic Risk Assessment used to assess violations. What risk was presented by the condition? See - very open information on these processes, and performance information on reactor operation

NEI Role: To foster and encourage the continued safe utilization and development of nuclear energy to meet the nation’s energy, environmental and economic goals Policy direction Unified approach to regulatory issues, reliability and economic efficiency Encouragement to educational institutions to promote education in nuclear energy disciplines Industry Executives have challenged NEI to improve efficiency, coordination and shift some resources to most important issues –Development of Standard Nuclear Performance Model (SNPM) for more effective process management See for more information

Standard Nuclear Process Model (Rev 4) – Executive View

SNPM provides industry a picture of site business enterprise Safety of Operation

NEI Performance Improvement The objective of performance improvement is to continuously explore ways to: –Increase business efficiency –Lower operating cost –Maintain or improve safety This is accomplished by: –Focusing on process management –Maintaining a Standard Nuclear Performance Model –Conducting benchmarking training –Understanding Change Management –Developing and Maintaining “Communities of Practice” in each process area

Communities of Practice Established CoPs Configuration Management Materials and Services (Supply Chain) Information Technology Information Management Human Resources Equipment Reliability CoP Discussions Emergency Preparedness Fire Protection HP-Radiation Protection Licensing & Permits Work Management Performance Monitoring and Improvement (LP002)

Community of Practice

NEI Proposed Performance Improvement Community of Practice

Standard Nuclear Performance Model Framework Standard Processes Process Maps High Level KPIs Flexible Organization Design Benchmarking Projects Good Practices Business Case “Why” Tools & Techniques “How” Process Improvement Training- Lean Tools Change Management Human Motivation Management Tools Integration Effective Human Motivation Cost Quality Performance Consistency Production Capacity Big Picture Business/Tactical PlanningProject ManagementIntegrating Framework Specific Improvements (measured)

Traditional NPPC projects are being rapidly “taken over” – this is a good thing! Management is taking over responsibility for Quality functions and systems More INPO and EPRI alignment around NEI SNPM –Used as planning framework for joint EPRI, INPO, and NEI meeting Where can ASQ help? Emphasize quality concepts in CoPs and business enterprise – the NPPC Mission still applies Quality Management Division Statistics Division NPPC – Where to go?

Nuclear Plant Operation: Safe and Secure America’s nuclear plants are part of our vital industrial infrastructure. They were among the most secure industrial facilities before Sept. 11. They’re even more secure now.

Industry Response to 9/11: Immediate Actions All nuclear plants to highest alert level –Increased patrols –Augmented security forces and capabilities –Heightened coordination with law enforcement and military authorities –Limitations on access to plant sites

Industry Response to 9/11: Immediate Actions Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) top-to- bottom review of safeguards and security requirements and policies. –Regulations governing commercial nuclear facilities –NRC coordination with other agencies, communications capabilities, etc.

Industry Response to 9/11: Strategic Recommendations Perform comprehensive review of all credible threats to security of critical energy infrastructure, including nuclear power plants. Determine which possible threats should be the responsibility of: –federal government (terrorist acts of war) –private industry

Comparative Size of Targets WTC 208’ wide 1,353’ tall Pentagon 1,489’ wide (921’ per side) 71’ tall Spent Fuel Pool 80’ wide 40’ tall Containment Building 130’ wide 160’ tall Dry Casks 10’ wide 20’ tall (12 depicted)

Safety is Part of Reactor Designs Containment Vessel 1.5-inch thick steel Shield Building Wall 3 foot thick reinforced concrete Dry Well Wall 5 foot thick reinforced concrete Bio Shield 4 foot thick leaded concrete with 1.5-inch thick steel lining inside and out Reactor Vessel 4 to 8 inches thick steel Reactor Fuel Weir Wall 1.5 foot thick concrete

Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test A rocket propelled F-4 Phantom jet aircraft is crashed, at 480 miles per hour, head-on into a concrete target mounted on top of an air platform, with a combined weight of more than one million pounds. This test was done at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to estimate the effect of an aircraft crashing directly into a critical concrete structure, such as a nuclear plant’s containment structure.

Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test All commercial nuclear plants in the United States must have a containment structure to be licensed to operate.

Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test

Operation requires storing Used Fuel on-site Fuel removed every months Stored initially on site in vault Some later transferred to dry storage

Fuel (new and used) are ceramic pellets

Fuel Rods Filled With Pellets Are Grouped Into Fuel Assemblies

New Fuel Assembly Inspection

Used Fuel Assembly Removal from Reactor Vessel

Used Fuel storage in Pool

Yucca Mountain Used Fuel National Repository:

Supplemental Site Storage is required at many sites

Used Fuel Storage Cask

Supplemental Cask Storage

Used Fuel Locations

Used Fuel Transport is Safe: Putting transport into perspective Annually, 300 million packages of hazardous materials are shipped in U.S. 1% of these are radioactive materials, or 3 million packages. Majority are radiopharmaceuticals or radioisotopes used in medical applications. 250,000 contain radioactive materials from nuclear power plant operation.

Used Fuel Transport Presently, fewer than 100 shipments of used nuclear fuel occur annually. Expect 300 to 500 containers to be shipped annually to a repository. More than 3,000 used fuel shipments in U.S. over past 40 years. More than 21,000 used fuel shipments internationally over past 40 years.

Used Fuel Transport Security Robust transport container design provides first level of security Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved route and security plan Advance notification to Governors prior to shipments Dates of shipments not publicized Satellite tracking; use of communications equipment Periodic update of route conditions Armed escorts in urban areas; elsewhere as required by State Locking devices on trucks preventing unauthorized movement

Used Fuel Transport Security A system of safeguards exists to ensure safety during used fuel transportation. NRC and Department of Energy (DOE) have performed studies and tests to assess the risks of sabotage to used fuel transportation. NRC periodically reviews potential threats with law enforcement agencies. NRC reexamines safeguards and security for used fuel transport as necessary.

Used Fuel Transport Safety Accidents can happen. That is why used fuel shipping containers are designed to withstand severe accidents. There have been 8 transport accidents involving used fuel containers in the U.S. –There has NEVER been a release of the radioactive contents. –Four of the accidents involved empty containers.

Used Fuel Transport Safety Prior to certification by the NRC, used fuel transport casks must be shown to meet a series of hypothetical accident conditions. –Drop, Puncture, Thermal (fire), Water Submersion These can be done through physical testing and through the use of computer modeling. See information, pictures, video at