“Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP-GEF Project Demo component details Vahram Jalalyan ESIB – INOGATE Energy Audit Training May, 2011 Armenia

National circumstances  Area km 2  Population – 3.2 mln  65% of Armenia's population lives in urban areas.  There are over 400,000 apartments with a total area of 27 million m 2 in multi- apartment buildings  40% of the national energy saving potential is in the buildings, an equivalent of 402,000 toe or 944,000 t of GHG emission reductions annually 2UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project

3 GHG emissions dynamics UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project

4 Residential construction dynamics in Armenia thousand m 2 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project

“Improving EE in Buildings” Project Project Objective: Project Objective: Reduce energy consumption in buildings and associated GHG emissions in Armenia  Support to introduction and enforcement of new EE building codes and standards  Promotion of testing and certification system of EE materials and equipment  Outreach, training and education on Integrated Building Design Approach (IBDA)  Demonstration of the energy saving and economic benefits of IBDA application on the example of new multi-apartment pilot building (design and construction) 5UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project

Pilot project site 6 Pilot project site –State Housing Programme in Akhuryan, Armenia UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project

7 Pilot project site and demo building UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Building type – 4a, Total area – 2242 m 2 Quantity of appartments – 36 Storeys – 4 Entrances – 3 Sections – 3

8 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project  Akhuryan village is one of the coldest areas in Armenia.  Heating season lasts 188 days here with average outdoor air temperature of C and C in the coldest five days.  According to the RA construction norms II “Thermal physics of building envelope”, thermal resistance coefficient for envelops of residential buildings constructed in similar settlements should exceed  3.08 m 2 ·°C/W - for external walls,  4.3 m 2 ·°C/W – for the roof,  4.01 m 2 ·°C/W – for the first floor,  0.46 m 2 ·°C/W – for windows and external doors. Baseline data

9 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project  External walls The building has three-layered external walls assembled of 200mm- and 100mm-thick reinforced concrete blocks. Between the layers, 100 to 150mm vacant space is envisaged to be filled with volcanic slag of 800 kg/m 3 volume weight.  Windows and external doors (balcony and entrance) Locally produced windows of two-layer glass are installed with 6cm-wide metal-plastic frames.  The first storey floor No insulation is envisaged for the floors of the first storey and for columns and beams included into the external walls.  The 4th storey cover For insulation of the last storey cover, 300mm-thick slag layer is envisaged; however, for the buildings constructed in Gyumry, 20mm-thick foam-plastic and 50 to 100mm-thick slag layers were put.  Balconies No insulation is envisaged for concrete blocks of balconies.  Vestibule (tambour) Noteworthy, vestibules were envisaged in the initial design, but are no more included in it. The Baseline Option

10 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project  Estimations of thermal resistance performed with the data used in the design yield values of 0.72, 0.85, 0.79, 0.38 m 2 ·°C/W for the building’s external walls, cover, floors and windows respectively that are significantly lower than required by the current norms.  Energy performance – 212 kWh/m 2 year  Indoor temperature - 20°C  Building heat load kW (Individual boilers >90% Eff.)  Natural gas consumption - 51,700 m 3 (heating)  Natural gas cost - 6,824,000 AMD (132 AMD/m 3 ). The Baseline Option

11 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Baseline Option

12 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Baseline Option

13 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Baseline Option

14 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Limitations to the design changes N Pre-requisites of activity selection for improvement of energy efficiency in the demonstration building Observations 1Replicability potential The activities to implement must ensure easy replicability 2Affordability Technology/materials to implement must be available and affordable in the Armenian market 3 Bearing structure changing limitations (seismic issues) The amendments envisaged must not adversely affect the building’s seismic performance 4After baseline amendments to the building’s design, apartment areas must not decrease Area in disposal of the demonstration building’s residents must be equivalent to the other buildings’

15 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Analysis of thermal insulation materials NOption descriptionApplicabilityAdvantagesShortcomings 1Volcanic slag Walls, the last storey cover Low price, local production Growing damp, thick layers required to reach the desired coefficient, if used as wall filling gives shrinkage over time 2Blown perlite Walls, the last storey cover Local production Can grow damp, if used as wall filling gives shrinkage over time 3Polysterene (sheet) Walls, the last storey cover Local production based on imported raw materials, relatively affordable price Does not ensure solid external level, presents certain sanitary problems, burns (is not fire safe) 4 Polyurethane (blown directly on site) Walls, the last storey cover, the first storey cover Ensures solid external layer, has sufficiently high thermal resistance coefficient, almost does not burn Relatively new and little tested technology 5 Extruded polyurethane (sheet) Walls, the last storey cover Has sufficiently high thermal resistance coefficient, does not burn Too high value 6 Polysterene panels with metal network Walls Ready panels are installed easily, local production Limited thickness (up to 10cm), high value 7Perlite-concrete blocks WallsLocal production, produced also for building coating Limited thickness (up to 7cm), high value

16 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Project Option  External walls Attach external surface (usual, smooth) of 20cm-thick wall build of pumice- concrete reinforced blocks to external surfaces of columns and beams; Exclude 10cm-thick pumice-concrete wall and slag layer into the walls’ structure; Starting from the lowest point of insulation layer of the first storey’s cover and up to the highest point of insulation layer of the last storey’s cover, envisage 8.5cm-thick on-site-blown polyurethane layer per the building’s total external perimeter. That should be covered with concrete-adhesive material that, in its turn, be covered with 2.5 to 3 cm-thick concrete-sand color plastering with steel network The network should be fixed to the external walls, columns and beams at 40cmX40cm steps with Փ 8 A500c reinforcing rods; A part of 8.5cm-thick polyurethane layer may be coated with tuff blocks, on the architect’s decision.  Windows and external doors (balcony and entrance) Envisage in the new design three-layered windows and doors with metal- plastic frame with thermal resistance of 0.51 m 2 ·°C/W. Insulation of windows and doors should be performed per their total perimeter with rock wool or other fire resistant insulation material.

17 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Project Option  The first storey floor Under the cover’s block, envisage solid 6cm-thick layer of on-site-blown polyurethane and 2 to 3cm-thick concrete-sand plastering (gunned material) with steel network and fix it to the cover’s blocks with dowels; To prevent possible damping of the insulation layer, envisage a water- insulating layer for sanitary units’ and kitchens’ floors.  The 4th storey cover On the cover’s blocks, envisage 10cm-thick layer of on-site-blown polyurethane and 5cm-thick concrete-sand layer.  Balconies Envisage 12cm-thick block for balconies instead of initially stated 20cm; Envisage solid 2cm-thick insulating layer of on-site-blown polyurethane for balcony’s blocks. Envisage color concrete-sand plastering with metal networks for lower and front surfaces of the balcony’s blocks.  Vestibule (tambour) Envisage vestibules (tambours) for all entrances of the building, design per the architect’s decision. Using the excess space emerged due to the building’s re-design, it is possible to allocate vestibules (tambours) in inside the building.

18 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Project Option Results  Energy performance – 64 kWh/m 2 year  Indoor temperature - 20°C  Building heat load - 69 kW (Individual boilers >90% Eff.)  Natural gas consumption – 16,400 m 3 (heating)  Natural gas cost – 2,170,000 AMD (132 AMD/m 3 ).

19 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project The Baseline and Project Options Cost Balance Տարրը Implementation cost, k AMD Delta, k AMD BaselineProject Walls 55,438 46,852 -8,586 Floor - 11,123 Cover/roof 2,045 7,160 5,115 Windows 11,094 19,177 8,083 Doors 2,842 4,628 1,787 Vestibule - 1,332 Total 71,418 90,272 18,853

20 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Components Options R value ( մ 2 · K)/W Energy Performance Thermal Load Required by Norms Built/Designed kWh /m 2 kW Walls Baseline Proposed Windows Baseline Proposed Floor Baseline Proposed Cover Baseline Proposed Doors Baseline Proposed Total Baseline Proposed Thermal resistances of the elements

21 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Baseline building Project (demo) building The Building’s Energy Performance

22 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Drawings of the elements of Baseline and Proposed Options

23 UNDP-GEF “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” Project Drawings of the elements of Baseline and Proposed Options

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