Engineering Ethics WVU Parking Group 12 Heather Roberts, Lance Pearce, Jacob Tyo, Jeffery Blankfeld

1957 Construction began on the Cypress Street Viaduct 1957 Construction began on the Cypress Street Viaduct This freeway was built to connect to I-80 in the San Francisco Bay Area This freeway was built to connect to I-80 in the San Francisco Bay Area The final design was a reinforced concrete, 2km, two- tier highway with 5 lanes per deck The final design was a reinforced concrete, 2km, two- tier highway with 5 lanes per deck However it was constructed over portions of soft mud where the bedrock was over 150m below the surface However it was constructed over portions of soft mud where the bedrock was over 150m below the surface In 1971 stricter seismic criteria was required to increase resistance against earthquakes In 1971 stricter seismic criteria was required to increase resistance against earthquakes These precautions were voided These precautions were voided Cypress Street Viaduct

October 17 th, 1989 an earthquake, measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale, Loma Prieta shook the San Francisco Bay area October 17 th, 1989 an earthquake, measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale, Loma Prieta shook the San Francisco Bay area Nearly 1.4km out of the 2km stretch collapsed Nearly 1.4km out of the 2km stretch collapsed The soft bay mud that it was constructed on increased the amplitude of vibrations The soft bay mud that it was constructed on increased the amplitude of vibrations Breaks in the freeway almost exactly matched the angular frequency of the seismic waves Breaks in the freeway almost exactly matched the angular frequency of the seismic waves Out of the total 65 deaths, 35 were due to the viaduct Out of the total 65 deaths, 35 were due to the viaduct

Cypress Street Viaduct Well-graded soils help to dampen vibrations Well-graded soils help to dampen vibrations Inadequate compensation for weak soil conditions Inadequate compensation for weak soil conditions Insufficient reinforcement in concrete columns Insufficient reinforcement in concrete columns Disaster could've been avoided if they followed through with recommended upgrades Disaster could've been avoided if they followed through with recommended upgrades Todays reconstruction includes steel reinforcing for compensation Todays reconstruction includes steel reinforcing for compensation Reconstruction cost estimated at $1.25 billion Reconstruction cost estimated at $1.25 billion

Ford Pinto In the late 60’s Ford introduced the new affordable Ford Pinto In the late 60’s Ford introduced the new affordable Ford Pinto Under 2000lbs and $2000 Under 2000lbs and $2000 Production and design of typical car took an average of 43 months where as the Pinto only took 25 Production and design of typical car took an average of 43 months where as the Pinto only took 25 After initial crash tests were conducted a serious defect in the gas tank was revealed: After initial crash tests were conducted a serious defect in the gas tank was revealed: In crashes over 25mph the gas tank always ruptured In crashes over 25mph the gas tank always ruptured In crashes over 40mph it was likely that the doors would jam leaving the passengers with no escape In crashes over 40mph it was likely that the doors would jam leaving the passengers with no escape No further changes were made to the Pinto before it was put on the market. No further changes were made to the Pinto before it was put on the market.

Ford Pinto Engineers were aware of the problem but did nothing to change it Engineers were aware of the problem but did nothing to change it The cost of fixing the problem out weighed the cost of settling lawsuits The cost of fixing the problem out weighed the cost of settling lawsuits One engineer quoted “Safety doesn’t sell” One engineer quoted “Safety doesn’t sell” These minor changes could’ve potentially prevented over 180 deaths due to fire These minor changes could’ve potentially prevented over 180 deaths due to fire

1976 Crown Center Redevelopment Corporation plans to design a Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City Crown Center Redevelopment Corporation plans to design a Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City Gillum-Colaco Inc. hired to be Structural Engineers for project Gillum-Colaco Inc. hired to be Structural Engineers for project Project Prepared using Kansas City building codes Project Prepared using Kansas City building codes Construction begins as schematics are signed off Construction begins as schematics are signed off Minor roof collapse, construction continues as planned Minor roof collapse, construction continues as planned Major walkway collapse killing 144 and injuring 200 more Major walkway collapse killing 144 and injuring 200 more Missouri Board of Ethics files suit against Gillum- Colaco charging negligence, incompetence, and unprofessional conduct Missouri Board of Ethics files suit against Gillum- Colaco charging negligence, incompetence, and unprofessional conduct. Hyatt Regency Walkway

1984 G.C.E International, Inc. found guilty of all charges against them G.C.E International, Inc. found guilty of all charges against them. Engineers involved lost licenses to practice engineering in Missouri. Engineers involved lost licenses to practice engineering in Missouri. American Society of Civil Engineering states that structural engineers have full responsibility for design aspects and all liabilities. American Society of Civil Engineering states that structural engineers have full responsibility for design aspects and all liabilities. Duncan and Gillum now practicing in States other than Missouri. Duncan and Gillum now practicing in States other than Missouri. Main issues of concern involved here are: Main issues of concern involved here are: Negligence Negligence Apathy Apathy Dishonesty Dishonesty Hyatt Regency Walkway

Potential ethical issues for our project include: Potential ethical issues for our project include: Wrongfully issuing tickets to payed customers. Wrongfully issuing tickets to payed customers. Not properly documenting infractions, leading to confusion if client wishes to dispute a ticket. Not properly documenting infractions, leading to confusion if client wishes to dispute a ticket. Not securing all P.I.I in regards to credit card information, license plate numbers, names, student ID numbers. Not securing all P.I.I in regards to credit card information, license plate numbers, names, student ID numbers. A full scale implementation of these solutions could reduce the amount of workforce needed to monitor parking. A full scale implementation of these solutions could reduce the amount of workforce needed to monitor parking. Efforts to avoid ethical issues: Efforts to avoid ethical issues: Send all ticket notifications to University parking authorities to issues tickets. Send all ticket notifications to University parking authorities to issues tickets. Develop a secure database and webpage to host all information entered into the application. Develop a secure database and webpage to host all information entered into the application. Re-assign the workforce to monitoring the system for crashes and bugs. Re-assign the workforce to monitoring the system for crashes and bugs. Parking Project