HEALTH, WELLNESS AND ILLNESS

W HAT I S H EALTH ?

Definition of Health?

WHO, 1947 “Health is state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”

Dunn, 1967 “Health is an integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction with the environment where he/she is functioning ”

MODEL of HEALTH 1.Medical Model 2. Environmental Model

MEDICAL MODEL -about measure of health by gathering numerical data (vital statistic) -ie: prevalence of diseases, incidence of diseases - In medical model diseases measured in term of morbidity and mortality

Terminology -Health -Medical model -Vital statistic -Prevalence -Incidence -Morbidity -Mortality

ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL -About analyses of ecosystems and environmental risks to human health - In this model health is define in terms of the quality of a person’s (human factors) adaptation to environmental as conditions change

HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS

TERMINOLOGY - Environmental Factors - Human Factors

WELLNESS - emphasizes individual responsibility for wellbeing through the practice of health- promoting like style behaviors - Holistic model of health - In this model define health in term of whole person - Encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional, social, spiritual, environmental and communities - State of optimum health

THE WELLNESS CONTINUUM NEUTRAL POINT HIGH LEVEL OF WELLNESS DEATH Signs Symptoms DisabilityAwareness Education Growth

DIMENSION OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS - Wellness is dynamic and continuous - All dimensions are integrated and functioning together

SIX DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS - Emotional - Intellectual - Spiritual - Occupational - Social - Physical

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

Health determinants: 1 1.Socio economic conditions 2.Biological 3.Environmental 4.Behavioral 5.Culture environment 6.Psychological

SOCIO ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Socio economic determinants health: 1. Education 2. Income 3. Employment 4. Housing 5. Health care services 6. Food security 7. Social support network 8. Early life 9. Aboriginal status 10. Social exclusion 11. Gender

1 socio economic conditions: 1.Micro economic conditions 2. Macro economic conditions i.Individual level ii.Community level i.National economy ii.Global economy

 Example  Spread of infectious diseases  Globalisation of communicable diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatistis C, bird flu, SARS, H1 N1 etc  Emerging of new disease and re-emerging of disease  Diseases related with life style  Medical care – development of health tourism – patient able to access to cheaper medical care

1 Socio economic determinants of health – AT INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY LEVEL Economic development lead to  Increase production  Distribution effect  Consumption o increase resources o equity in health o public consumption o private consumption

ILLNESS & DISEASES

“The new theory is that most of today’s human illness, the infectious ones aside, are multifactor in nature, caused by two great arrays of causative mechanism: the influence of things in the environment; and one’s personal lifestyle. For medicine to become effective in dealing with such diseases, it has become common belief that the environment will have to be changed, and personal ways of living also have to be transformed, and radically.” - Thomas, 1978

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HUMAN FACTORS

THE WELLNESS CONTINUUM NEUTRAL POINT HIGH LEVEL OF WELLNESS DEATH Signs Symptoms DisabilityAwareness Education Growth Diseases Condition

INDIVIDUAL & ILLNESS Healthy Individuals Early Disease Established Disease Complications & Death Exposure to Risk Incidence & Prevalence of Disease, Complications and Mortality Provision, Distribution, operations, and utilisation of health services across the population Primary Prevention Screening, Early Detection and Intervention (e.g. Good Clinical Control ) Health Systems Improvement: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Access, Equity...

H EALTH, ILLNESS AND POPULATION

HEALTHY CONTINUUM OF ILLNESS SUB CLINICAL NO SIGNS & SYMPTOMS CLINICAL WITH SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ILLNESS

CAUSATION OF DISEASES

MULTIFACTORAL CAUSATION OF DISEASES: - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - LIFE STYLE FACTORS - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS