Rajeshwar reddy intern

 DEFINITION

According to WHO & ILO “The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations – total health of all at work ”

 RISK - the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

 Physical Hazards  Chemical Hazards  Biological Hazards  Mechanical Hazards  Psychosocial Hazards

 HEAT  COLD  LIGHT  NOISE  VIBRATION  RADIATION

CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD

HEAT causes heat stroke,cramps,burns, increased fatigue,decreased efficiency :

COLD : Chilblains,frost bite,immersion foot,cutaneous vasoconstricion,erythroc yanosis & hypothermia

Poor illumination leads to eye strain, headache,congesion around cornea & minor’s nystagmus. Excessive brightness leads to blurring of vision & visual fatigue.

Auditory effects: Temporary or permanent hearing loss. Non-auditory effects: Nervousness, fatigue & decreased efficiency of the worker.

Causes white fingers(spasm of fine blood vessels of the hand),injuries of joints.

UV radiation exposure causes welder’s flash(intense keratoconjuctivitis),eye pain and lachrymation. Ionising radiation causes skin cancers, genetic changes and sterility.

 LOCAL ACTION  DUSTS  INGESION

Causes dermatitis,ulcers and eczema by primary irritant action.

Enters through inhalation and causes pneumoconiosis.

Causes abdominal colic,loss of apetite,anemia and constipation.

VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA PARASITES

 Bacterial- leptospirosis,anthhrax,tuberculosis& tetanus.  Viral- encephalitis & hepatitis A & E  Parasitic- schistosomiasis & hydatidosis.

 Machines and moving parts leads to accidents in the industries.

Stress, aggressiveness, lack of job satisfaction, insecurity, poor human relations undermines both physical and mental health of the workers.

 SILICOSIS  ANTHRACOSIS  BYSSANOSIS  BAGGASOSIS  ASBESTOSIS  FARMER’S LUNG DISEASES

Occurance – mining,pottery,ceramic, metal grinding, iron & steel industry. Pathology-nodular fibrosis ranging from 3-4 mm mainly in the upper lobes. C/F-irritant cough,dyspnea, chest pain & decreased lung capacity.

Occurrence-coal mines Pathology-fibrosis of the lung C/F-respiratory disability and ventilatory impairment

Occurrence-spinning mills and textile industry. Pathology-chronic bronchitis and empysema. C/F- chronic cough and dyspnea

Occurrence-sugar cane industry. Organism-themoactinomycetes sachari Pathology-acute bronchiolitis& fibrosis of the lung. C/F-hemoptysis,cough and breathlessness.

Occrence-cement factories, fireproofs,break lining and roof tiling. Pathology-pulmonary fibrosis,carcinoma of bronchus and mesothelioma of lung. C/F-cough and dyspnea., sputum shows asbestos bodies.

Occure due to inhalation of hay or grain dust. Organism-micropolyspora faeni C/F-pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale.

Occurrence-battery industries,ship building,printing& potteries,rubber industry & automobiles. Mode of absorption-inhalation ingesion absorption through skin C/F-abdominal colic,anemia,basophilic stipulation,blue line on gums,mental confusion and delirium. Diagnosis-coproporphyrin& aminolevulinic acid in urine and lead level in blood& urine.

 SKIN CANCER  LUNG CANCER  BLADDER CANCER  LEUKEMIA

Human factors- age sex time experience psychological factors Environmental factors-noise poor illumination unsafe machines

1.PRE-PLACEMENT EXAMINATION 2.PERIODICAL EXAMINATION 3.MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES 4.NOTIFICATION 5.MAINTENANCE & ANALYSIS OF RECORDS 6.HEALTH EDUCATION & COUNSELLING

1.DESIGN OF BUILDING 2.GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING 3.GOOD VENTILATION 4.SUBSTITUTION 5.ISOLATION 6.LOCAL EXAUST VENTILATION 7.CONTROL OF DUSTS 8.PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Factories act(1948):  Health,safety,welfare  Employment of young  Hours of work  Leave with wages  Notifible diseases  Employment in hazardous area

 MEDICAL BENEFIT  SICKNESS BENEFIT  MATERNITY BENEFIT  DISABLEMENT BENEFIT  DEPENDANT’S BENEFIT  FUNERAL EXPENSES  REHABITILATION

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