The Latino Population & Student College Choice 2015 NPEA Conference Philadelphia, PA April 17, 2015

A Little Bit About Amapola A start-up, education technology company, based in New York City. Our products aim to increase the number of Latinos attending postsecondary institutions. We simplify the complicated U.S. higher education system by sharing cultural & social capital.

Academic Literature Hossler & Gallagher, “Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers.” College and University 62 (Spring 1987): Somers, Cofer, VanderPutten, “The Early Bird Goes to College: The Link between Early College Aspirations and Postsecondary Matriculation,” Journal of College Student Development 43 (1) (Jan-Feb 2002): Portes & Rumbaut, Legacies, “The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation”, 2001.

GROUP EXERCISE – “Who Are You?” Name Name of Organization Your Position Why Are You Attending this Session?

Latinos Earning Bachelor’s Degree In 2012, 14.5% of Latinos ages 25 and older had earned one. By contrast, 51% of Asians, 34.5% of whites and 21.2% of blacks had earned a bachelor’s degree. 11% of Latinos (age 22-24) earn a bachelors degree vs. 22 % of whites. A large opportunity to enhance current educational access efforts. Richard Fry and Paul Taylor: “Hispanic High School Graduates Pass Whites in Rate of College Enrollment” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (May 9, 2013).

Goals for Workshop Review Latino population data and Latino student demographics. Introduce the student college choice model and the impact of parental influence. Consider ways to enhance parental engagement and influence across the student college choice process.

The Latino Population

An Overview 53 million = 17% of the U.S. Population Immigrants (First-Generation) Second-Generation+ Foreign-born Native-born Source: Pew Research Center’s Hispanic Trends Project Tabulations of 2000 Census and American Community Survey.

Across the United States Source: Pew Research Center, State and County Databases, 2011

Country Representation in U.S. Source: Pew Research Center tabulations of the 2011 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS)

Since 1970… The foreign-born population has continued to increase in size and as a percent of the total population

Why Is The Increase Important? Today, the majority of foreign born are from Latin America and Asia. Latin America represents the largest share of foreign-born Total Foreign Born Source: The Foreign-Born Population in the United States: American Community Survey Reports, Issued May 2012.

Why Should We Care? The number of today’s children of immigrants has surpassed the prior record set by the children of European immigrants.

It’s Not the Old United States Unlike previous immigration waves, the U.S. economy has shifted from manufacturing to a service-based economy. The sheer size of the “2 nd generation” ensures that this group will have a profound impact on society. The “2 nd generation” holds the key to what will happen to their group and to the cities where they cluster. Education is key for upward social mobility. Source: Portes & Rumbaut, Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation, 2001.

The U.S. Latino Student Population

Latinos in Elementary & Middle School 25% of children 5-14 years of age are Latinos – vs. 53% for whites, 14% for African Americans, 5% Asians Approximately 60% of Latino students attend schools that are minority-majority Population Division, Projected Population by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: 2012 to 2060, December NCES, The Condition of Education, 2011, Table A-6-2., NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2013, Table Concentrated in schools with high degrees of poverty

Latinos in Secondary Education Hispanics represent 22% of high school students Hispanic drop out rate 13% Increased college-going rate from 54% to 70% Progress is being made, but….. U.S. Census Bureau, School Enrollment in the U.S.:2014. Table I: Enrollment Status of the Population 3 Years and Over, by Sex, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, Foreign Born, and Foreign-Born Percentage, October NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2013, Table NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2013, Table

Latinos Still Lag Behind They are less likely than their white counterparts to enroll in a four-year college (56% versus 72%). Hispanic students are less likely to attend a selective college. They are less likely to be enrolled in college full-time. Latinos are less likely to complete a bachelor’s degree. Richard Fry and Paul Taylor: “Hispanic High School Graduates Pass Whites in Rate of College Enrollment” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (May 9, 2013).

Latinos Earning Bachelor’s Degree In 2012, 14.5% of Latinos ages 25 and older had earned one. By contrast, 51% of Asians, 34.5% of whites and 21.2% of blacks had earned a bachelor’s degree. 11% of Latinos (age 22-24) earn a bachelors degree vs. 22 % of whites. Accentuate the positive education inroads made and look for opportunities to enhance current educational access efforts. Source: Richard Fry and Paul Taylor: “Hispanic High School Graduates Pass Whites in Rate of College Enrollment” Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (May 9, 2013).

A Way to Enhance Current Educational Access Efforts PREDISPOSITIONSEARCHCHOICE Student College Choice Understand and examine the Student College Choice Process…

Student College Choice Process A developmental process spanning K-12 Three distinct stages Students go through stages to decide about college At any point students can elect to pursue a non-educational path PREDISPOSITIONSEARCHCHOICE Student College Choice Source: Hossler and Gallagher, “Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers.” College and University 62 (Spring 1987):

PREDISPOSITIONSEARCHCHOICE Student College Choice A critical stage where students determine whether or not they would like to continue their education beyond high school. Usually begins in early middle school, though students are aware as early as Kindergarten. The period where students gather information about institutions of higher education. Students look for school attributes that match interests. Sophomore & Junior Year of high school. In this stage students have selected a “choice set” of schools. Students apply to each school and then choose one to enroll in college. Senior Year of high school What? When? K 12 Source: Hossler and Gallagher, “Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers.” College and University 62 (Spring 1987):

PREDISPOSITION K- Middle School SEARCH Sophomore & Junior Yr CHOICE Senior Yr Student College Choice A critical stage where students determine whether or not they would like to continue their education beyond high school. Socio-Economic Status Academic Ability Attitudes of Parents & Peers The period where students gather information about institutions of higher education. Students look for school attributes that match interests. Socio-Economic Status: - Geographical range and quality of institution - Efficiency of information-gathering - Rely on h.s. counselors In this stage students have selected a “choice set” of schools. Students apply to each school and then choose one to enroll in college. Student’s perceptions of quality Financial Aid Interaction between students/parents and institutions What? Influencers K 12 Source: Hossler and Gallagher, “Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers.” College and University 62 (Spring 1987):

PREDISPOSITIONSEARCHCHOICE Student College Choice A critical stage where students determine whether or not they would like to continue their education beyond high school. Socio-Economic Status Academic Ability Attitudes of Parents & Peers The period where students gather information about institutions of higher education. Students look for school attributes that match interests. Socio-Economic Status: - Geographical range and quality of institution - Efficiency of information-gathering - Rely on h.s. counselors In this stage students have selected a “choice set” of schools. Students apply to each school and then choose one to enroll in college. Student’s perceptions of quality Financial Aid Interaction between students/parents and institutions What? Influencers X Interventions YZ Source: Hossler and Gallagher, “Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers.” College and University 62 (Spring 1987): K 12

Group Breakout Exercise & Problem-Solving

Q & A / Networking

Contact Information: Alex Rosero – – Alex Rosero on LinkedIn