Hispanic Challenge for Equity Behind the Podium American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education, Inc. Seventh Annual National Conference March 8-10, 2012 Costa Mesa, California, USA

 Increasing public controversy over limited diversity in higher education faculty & administration  Growing Hispanic student population vs. ‘miniscule’ Hispanic faculty/administrators population  Limited Research/Data related to Hispanics in higher education faculty & administrative positions  Are Hispanic academics in a caste-like position?

 Demographic Trends- Hispanic Faculty & Admin. -Macro Perspective -Micro Analysis  Why Reflect Current Hispanic Population in Higher Education Faculty & Administration?  Barriers to Hispanic Equity -Obstacles & “Ivory Tower’ Gamesmanship -Deliberate vs. Unintentional Discrimination  Strategies & Action to Achieve Hispanic Equity

Professor, Ed. Leadership, Calif. State Univ., Fullerton Former Dean, Coastline Community College, CA Founder/President, Leadership Innovation

US Population is 16.3% Hispanic. (Fastest growing pop. group in the US.)

Percentage of Hispanics by top States New Mexico 46.5% California 37.7% Texas 37.7% Florida 22.6 Arizona 29.8 Colorado 20.8%

Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. – John Dewey

HISPANIC FACULTY

3.9% of faculty* were Hispanic in % of all full time faculty were Hispanic in 2007 (Chronicle of Higher Ed.) 2.6% in 1997 (National Center for Education Statistics) 2.3% in 1993 (American Council on Education) * Not designated full time

2.9% of tenured faculty were Hispanic in [Lum] Tenure rate for Latino males was 44%, compared to Latina female tenure rate of 38% in The tenure rate for Latino/a undergraduate faculty declined by 19% from

Academic RankAmerican Indian AsianBlackHispanicWhite Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Instructor Lecturer Percentage of Faculty Members by Rank and Racial/Ethnic Group, 2009 The Chronicle, 2011

HISPANIC ADMINISTRATORS

3.9% of college administrators were Hispanic in Hispanic females outnumbers Hispanic males as administrators. Hispanic males outnumbered Hispanic females as presidents/chancellors

HISPANIC PRESIDENTS

4.6% of all college presidents were Hispanic in 2006 (ACE) The overwhelming majority of Hispanic presidents serve at 2-year colleges. (61%) 31% of HSI’s had Hispanic presidents. (2007)

Compelling national interest/Economic self interest Socially just Equitable access for the public good Higher Education as center of educational equity Prepare all students for a diverse society Continuing evidence that a diverse faculty is important to success of a diverse student body Evidence that diverse faculty assists in the recruitment of students of color to higher education New scholarship New teaching approaches

Micro level search committees, departments, chairs and deans Hiring Problems Minority Burden (over-commitment to minority activities/teaching) Tenure Issues Racism, classism and tokenism Retention Issues Intraculture Issues Lack of Support Groups Promotion Problems

Pre-packaged Data = Shell Game i.e. “Higher Education” i.e. “Full time Faculty” i.e. “Staff & Administration”

Higher Education Community Colleges Four-year Public Colleges/Universities Research Universities

Full Time Faculty Lecturers Tenure-Track Assistant Professors Tenure-Track Associate Professors Tenured Assistant Professors Tenured Associate Professors Tenured Full Professors

Staff & Administration Staff Managerial Administrators Deans Executive President

 How is the data currently packaged?  Use Institutional Research Office  Hispanic Equity Report Card- Establish basic indicators of Hispanic equity throughout the institution: faculty (disaggregated by rank) & administration (disaggregated by executive, dean, admin, staff)

 6% of all colleges/universities are Hispanic–Serving Institutions (HSI= over 25% Hispanic students)  This 6% served 52% of all Hispanic undergraduates (2006).  What is the Hispanic Equity Report Card of an HSI?

Year% Hispanic Faculty % Hispanic Students Hispanic Faculty Faculty 2000na21.9na na32.0na

 32% of All Students are Hispanic  40% Incoming Freshman are Hispanic  0/10 University Deans are Hispanic  1/8 University Executives are Hispanic  1% of Full Tenured Professors are Hispanic  6% of Full Time faculty are Hispanic

Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you’re a man, you take it. -Malcolm X

Increase the ‘supply’ of Hispanics qualified for faculty & administrative positions Adapt recruitment procedures to ensure a diverse set of candidates Faculty development Mentorships Review tenure & promotion processes to ensure the equitable treatment of Hispanic faculty Conduct Exit interviews of Hispanic faculty, administrators leaving the institution

 Creating equity at all levels of the organization begins at the top  Engage stakeholders in critical dialogs regarding race/ethnic equity throughout the institution  Create an Institutional Equity Report Card  Commit to measureable goals  Monitor goals

Education makes a difference. A college graduate in the United States earns 79% more than their counterparts with only a secondary education. The global economic crisis disproportionately affects people without college degrees. (Labi, 2011)

37.7% of Hispanics 25 and over have not completed high school (compared to 12.9% for whites) 9.4% of Hispanics have a bachelor’s degree and 4% an advanced degree (compared to 20.6% and 11.2% for whites)

87% of Hispanics believe a college education is extremely or very important (compared to 78% of the overall US population) - Associated Press, 2010

True equity in higher education will only be achieved when the distribution of racial/ethnic groups among students, faculty and administrators mirrors that of the general population.

Professor, Educational Leadership California State University, Fullerton Founder/President, Leadership Innovation USA Telephohe: (562)