Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response 29

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The World Between the Wars I.The Roaring Twenties II.Revolution: The First Waves III.The Global Great Depression IV.The Authoritarian Response

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The World Between the Wars

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Roaring Twenties Bouncing Back? –Enormous challenges Optimism, creativity –Cubism Women –Lose place in workforce –Gain voting rights

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Other Industrial Centers Canada, Australia, New Zealand –Independence –British Commonwealth of Nations United States –Isolationism –"Red scare" Japan –Strong economy

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert From Dominions to Nationhood: Formation of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism Rise, late 1800s Benito Mussolini –Government, 1922 –Suspends elections, 1926

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fascism The New Nations of East Central Europe Authoritarian governments dominate

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Eastern Europe and The Soviet Union,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert A Balance Sheet Representative governments –e.g. Germany, Canada, Japan Social change, economic prosperity Democracy challenged –Italy, central Europe American, Japanese powerful

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Revolution: The First Waves Mexico's Upheaval –Porfirio Díaz  Ruler since 1876 –Economy  Foreign control –Francisco Madero  1910, arrested  Díaz wins election

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Revolution: The First Waves Mexico's Upheaval –Rebellion  Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata  Díaz removed  1913, Madero assassinated –Victoriano Huerta  Returns to Díaz’s style of rule  Forced from power, 1914

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mexico's Upheaval General Alvaro Obregón Civil war over by 1920 –Obregón first elected president 1917, new constitution Lázaro Cárdenas ( ) –Land redistributed  Ejidos –Education expanded

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Culture and Politics in Postrevolutionary Mexico Indian culture influential –Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco Cristeros –Conservative peasant movement PRI –Origins in 1920s

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism Revolution breaks out, 1917 –Alexander Kerensky  Provisional government November, 1917 –Bolsheviks (Communist Party) –Lenin  Closes parliament  Congress of Soviets

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Revolution in Russia: Liberalism to Communism –Reaction against communism

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Stabilization of Russia’s Communist Regime Leon Trotsky –Red Army Lenin's New Economic Policy, 1921 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1923

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Soviet Experimentation Gains for workers, women Lenin –Death, 1924 –Succeeded by Stalin

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Toward Revolution in China Last Qing emperor abdicates, 1912 Yuan Shikai –Heads coalition Japan invades

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Sun Yat-sen –Revolutionary Alliance –Elected president, 1911  Parliament –Resigns, 1912  Yuan becomes president

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Japan –Twenty-one demands to Yuan –Yuan refuses –Control confirmed by Versailles May 4, 1919 –Mass demonstrations –Call for Western political reform

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert China's May Fourth Movement and the Rise of the Marxist Alternative Li Dazhou –Marxism adopted to Chinese situation –Influences Mao Zedong Communist Party of China, 1921

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Seizure of Power by China's Guomindang Guomindang (Nationalist Party of China) –Sun Yat-sen –Allies with Communists –Supported by Soviet Union –Whampoa Military Academy, 1924  Chiang Kai-shek, first leader

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mao and the Peasant Option Chiang Kai-shek –Succeeds as head of Guomindang, 1925 –Begins civil war, to 1949 Mao Zedong –Long March to Shanxi, 1934

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert China in the Era of Revolution and Civil War

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Global Great Depression Causation –Recession, The Debacle –October, 1929 –New York Stock Market crash Depression deepens,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Global Great Depression Soviet Union –Immune West –Welfare programs

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Responses to the Depression in Western Europe Governments have little impact –Radicalism attractive Popular Front, 1936 –Liberals, Socialists, Communists The New Deal –Franklin Roosevelt

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Authoritarian Response The Rise of Nazism –Fascism, 1920s

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Adolf Hitler National Socialist party –1932 elections Anti-semitic 1933, takes power Totalitarian

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rhineland –Occupied, 1936 –No response Anschlutz, 1938 Sudetan Land, Invasion of Poland, 1939

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Fascism and the Spanish Civil War Mussolini –Ethiopia, 1935 Spanish Civil War, –Germany, Italy support right –Russia, Western volunteers support left Japan invades China, 1937 Axis, 1940 –Germany, Italy, Japan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economic and Political Changes in Latin America Economic expansion Reaction to liberalism

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Great Crash and Latin American Responses Conservatives –Corporatism Fascism Lázaro Cárdenas ( ) –Reform Cuba –Revolution, 1933

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Vargas Regime in Brazil 1929 Election –Civil war –Gétulio Vargas, president Vargas –Reform –New constitution, 1937  Influenced by Mussolini –Suicide, 1954

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Argentina: Populism, Perón, and the Military Economic collapse, 1929 –Nationalists  Take control, 1943 Juan d. Perón –Wife, Eva Duarte –Coalition government –Driven from power, 1955 –Maintains influence

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Argentina: Populism, Perón, and the Military Death of Perón, 1974 –Return of military rule

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Militarization of Japan Nationalists Revolts, 1932, 1936 –Military gains power Tojo Hideki –Influence over prime ministers War with China, 1937 –Military ascendant

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Militarization of Japan By 1938 –Control of Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Expansion of Japan to the Outbreak of World War II

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Industrialization and Recovery Industrialization from 1931

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Stalinism in the Soviet Union From 1927 Industrialization

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economic Policies Collectivization, 1928 –Mechanization –Kulaks resist  Suppression Five-year plans –Factories

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Toward an Industrial Society Totalitarian Rule –Harsh suppression of criticism –1939, ally with Hitler

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: Economic Depression, Authoritarian Response, and Democratic Retreat Consequences of the Great Depression –Surge of nationalism –Ties between nations weakened –Tariffs cause animosity