Emma Joynson-Hicks The case for doing something about women in coffee February 2013

Life is hard work for a woman coffee farmer in Africa “We as women face a challenge of not having the right to property ownership and being over-worked with no rest and reward. We also suffer from domestic violence and no access to equal opportunities.” Jennifer Wettaka

Surface area of each country (land + water) Source: World Bank Total surface area is nearly 3m km2 1.Uganda is almost exactly the same size as the UK 2. Tanzania is 4 times the size of Uganda 3. Uganda is 9 times the size of Rwanda 4.Kenya is more than double the size of Uganda 5.Ethiopia is 40 times the size of Burundi

East Africa population: current and 2050 projection source UNPOP Current total population is 226.5m people 2050 projected total for the 6 countries is 491m people

East Africa population density now and estimate for Source: World Bank & UNPOP WHY THIS MATTERS 1.People need houses and food before they need to grow coffee 2.However, as plot sizes become smaller, the need for innovation increases. For instance, Uganda pioneered successful intercropping of coffee and bananas – food and cash crops. Is it still illegal to intercrop coffee in Rwanda and Burundi? IITA are doing great work in this area around the region.

Youth Source: World Bank Children aged 0-14 as a percentage of total population Why is this important? If they don’t want to farm coffee, who will do it in 20, 40, 60 years? If we want East African coffee in the future, we need to work with these young people NOW

Gross Domestic Product (current) Source: World Bank

GDP per capita (current US$) Source: World Bank Why does GDP matter to Janet?

Average inflation, consumer prices (annual %) Source: World Bank WHY THIS MATTERS 1.Coffee farmers often require credit to smooth out their cashflow. 2.However, at inflation rates like these, plus the large premium that farmers have to pay because they are considered high risk, borrowing rates become extortionate. Esther is the secretary of her women’s coffee farmer group in Arua, Northern Uganda

Literacy rate in adults Source: World Bank WHAT THIS CHART DOES NOT SHOW 1.The difference between rural and urban people 2.It shows general literacy but not financial literacy Zaina started a school

Percentage of adults aged 15+ living with HIV/AIDS who are women Source: UNAIDS PLEASE BEAR IN MIND 1.As soon as 67% has been hit, then two thirds of the adults aged 15 or over living with HIV/AIDS are women. 2.The importance of this is that that is two women for every man. 3.Why are more women living with HIV/AIDS than men?

Number of coffee farming households in East Africa in 2011/12. Total number 4.4m Sources: National coffee authorities, bureaux of statistics

Number of women in coffee (millions) Sources: Calculated Mary Musoba Total : 10.5m

How we calculate the number of women in coffee Sources of information 1.National coffee authorities and bureaux of statistics 2.National bureaux of statistics 3.Calculation 4.National bureaux of statistics 5.Calculation Betty Total number of women in coffee in East Africa is 10.5m

A worker should be compensated for his or her work Sources: Calculated

How we calculated the “salary” slide NB: Ethiopia value figures include exports only. About half Ethiopia’s coffee is consumed domestically and these figures are not includes here.

Average annual export value of coffee in the last 3 years Source: FAOSTAT

Average percentage of the FOT/B price that goes to farmers Sources: Technoserve, various exporters

So, what does all this mean?

As a woman... 1.You are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, be the recipient of domestic violence, be subjected to FGM 2.You are more likely to be illiterate and poorly educated 3.It is probable that you do not own land, or have any say over what is planted or grown on the family land 4.It is highly unlikely that you have a bank account, and you are less likely to have a mobile phone, radio or address 5.You probably possess little or nothing of your own 6.It is possible that you will turned out of your home and land if you are widowed

As a woman coffee farmer... 1.You are likely to be the main farm labourer in your household (along with any other women living there) 2.You are unlikely to receive extension advice, unless an extension worker comes to your house, or you pay 3.You are unlikely to receive any credit facilities to buy inputs because you have no assets 4.You cannot sell your coffee because you don’t know how or where to access market information 5.You may not be allowed to leave the house without returning with a “gift” of a kilo of sugar or rice, so attending a women’s coffee farmer group is a challenge

So, who is doing what?

Who is doing what? WOMEN & YOUTH PRIVATE SECTOR STANDARDS PUBLIC SECTOR NGO SECTOR E.g. HIVOS – the business case for women in coffee E.g. IWCA – chapters in Latin America & Africa Lots of people and organisations are doing lots of things...

We need an international HUB to a)To collect data, information and research b)To disseminate it; make data and information easily available c)To communicate best practice, research, and information d)To fundraise for research and projects e)And more...

So, my proposal The AFCA Secretariat establishes a Women and Youth department Network around member countries to find out who is doing what, and what is working Fundraise Collect research, data and information, disseminate it etc Or, we could of course do nothing, but lets no do that, lets DO something

In time for her