Bell Quiz (pages 498-503) American colonists who supported independence were called _____. Those who opposed independence were called _____. Name the 2 towns where the American Revolution began. List 3 European countries that helped the colonists fight Britain in the American Revolution. Why were the Articles of Confederation designed to place power in the hands of the individual states? Why was the Bill of Rights added to the constitution two years after the constitution was ratified?

Bell Quiz Answers Patriots supported independence; Loyalists opposed independence and stayed loyal to Britain. Lexington and Concord (Massachusetts). France, Spain, and the Netherlands. State governments would be less repressive; closer to the people and understand their needs better. Many Americans believed that the Constitution did not protect the rights of individuals.

Bell Quiz (pgs. 490 – 503) 1. Who were Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir Walter Raleigh? 2. About how long was the British East India Company in business? 3. What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? 4. What was the Sugar Act of 1764? 5. What was the first plan of government in the United States?

Answers 1. English sea captains called the sea dogs. 2. Nearly 260 years. 3. Jamestown 4. A tax imposed on sugar and other imports from the non-British colonies. 5. The Articles of Confederation

Objectives Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they accomplished. Explore the results of the British mercantilist policy. Explain how America responded to British polices after the French and Indian War. Describe what type of government Americans set up after the American Revolution.

Exploration

English Colonial Expansion After Columbus’s voyage, King Henry VII of England sent out his own Explores to claim lands in the Americas. Henry hired Captain John Cabot. John Cabot explored Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New England. Cabot’s voyages in 1497 and 1498 gave England its first land claims in North America.

Sea Dogs The sea dogs were English sea captains during the reign of Elizabeth I. These captains included: Sir John Hawkins Sir Francis Drake Sir Walter Raleigh The sea dogs were pirates supported by the crown. Queen Elizabeth I secretly supported the sea dogs and shared the profits from there raids on Spanish and Portuguese ships.

Sea Dogs The seas dogs also made important voyages of exploration. Drake was the first English sea captain to sail around the world. The sea dogs helped England defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588.

The British in India In 1600 Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to the British East India Company. The British East India Company was in business for nearly 260 years. The company played a major role in the development of Great Britain’s overseas powers. They set up trading posts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras in India. The company did a lot to shape Britain’s colonial policies. By the late 1750s the British East India Company had strong support in Parliament.

The British in America At first the British explored North America looking for a northern water route to Asia (the Northwest Passage). Henry Hudson was the first to search for the Northwest Passage. Henry Hudson charted much of the coast of eastern North America. First to explore the river and the bay that now bear his name.

British Settlements The English began to settle along the eastern coast of North America. Private companies or individuals founded the first colonial settlements. In 1607 Jamestown, in what is now Virginia, was established. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Plymouth, in what is now Massachusetts, was founded in 1620.

Colonists The founders of these settlements hoped to make a large profit. Those colonists who actually settled in North America came for other reasons. Colonists came to find greater political and religious freedom, or better lives for their families. The English also brought Slavery to their colonies. Slavery was most common in the southern colonies and in the Caribbean. Most of England’s colonies were self-governed and had some form of representative assembly. Official control remained with the English monarchy.

Mercantilism Under the policy of mercantilism, colonies existed for the economic benefit of the home country. In the 1650s Parliament began to pass laws to enforce this policy. Required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain. Discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods. Colonists resented the British trade regulation, and found way to evade the laws.

British-French rivalry The British and French rivalry spilled over into North America. The French and Indian War helped spark the Seven Years’ War in Europe. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave control of much of North America to the British.

No Taxation without Representation: Page 498 Sugar Act, 1764 Cause Effect Stamp Act, 1765 Tea Act of 1773 Intolerable Acts, 1774 1st Continental Congress Lexington & Concord, 1775

Increased Imperial Control The war with France left Britain with a huge debt. Britain expected the colonists to pay off the debt. Britain started imposing increased taxes on the colonies The Sugar Act of 1764 The Stamp Act Colonists argued against the taxes because they had no representation in Parliament. “No taxation without representation”. Relations between Britain and the colonies grew steadily worse.

The American Revolution July 4, 1776 the colonists adopted the Declaration of Independence, establishing the United States of America. George Washington was the commander of the American forces. Most of the Fighting took place between 1776 and 1781. In 1783 the British and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris. The Americans had won independence and a territory much larger than the original 13 colonies.

Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes: Outlined his political philosophy in the book Leviathan. Hobbes believed that people chose a leader to rule them to avoid chaos. People made an unwritten social contract that gave leaders absolute power. People give up their individual liberties for group safety and social order. People had to obey the ruler no matter what, or else their natural selfishness would result in disaster and chaos for everyone.

John Locke: 1632-1704 John Locke disagreed with Hobbes. Locke stated his ideas in his writings the “Two Treaties of Government”. Locke agreed that people enter into a social contract with the government. Individuals had the natural right to live, enjoy liberty, political equality and own property. Locke argued that these individual rights were superior to laws of the government. Rulers that violated these rights violated natural laws and broke the social contract. Locke stated that Governments existed for the sole purpose of protecting individual rights. People had the right to change their government if it became oppressive

Baron de Montesquieu: 1748 Believed in checks and balances within government between executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch

Voltaire “I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” Supported religious freedom and freedom of speech.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1762 The Social Contract: People are naturally good but environment, education ,and laws corrupt them. People can preserve their innocence if they choose their own government. Opposed a strong government because he felt it brought corruption and misery.

Declaration of Independence Rewrite the first two paragraphs and the last 3 paragraphs of the Declaration of Independence into your own words (17 sentences total). Match each sentence to the appropriate Enlightenment Philosopher. Define 10 words you do not know from the Declaration of Independence.

Governing the New Nation The first plan of government in the United States was the Articles of Confederation (1781). The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak to effectively run the country. September 1787 the United States Constitution is ratified, and went into affect 1789. This new federal governments was divided into three branches. The Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. Each branch acts as a check on the power of the other branches. 1791, The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments) were added to the Constitution in an effort to protect the rights of individuals.