Unit 2 CLASSICAL EMPIRES
Warm-Up: Spiral pg. 5 Classical Empires What is an Empire? To control several territories, countries, or city-states under one ruler Expansion= Empire Write the following question in your spiral: How do the river valley civilizations influence the rise of the classical empires?
Empire of PERSIA
Persian Government/Politics Absolute Rule with local governments Absolute Rule with local governments Satraps: Royal Road: Satraps: local governors Royal Road: communication system
Persian Religion Good vs. Evil Good vs. Evil Ideas of heaven, hell, and final judgment Ideas of heaven, hell, and final judgment Zoroastrianism
Persian Technology/Culture Intellectual Centers: Babylon
CLASSICAL GREECE
Greek Government/Politics Started in Athens All citizens vote Non-citizens: women, slaves, and foreigners WORLD’S FIRST DEMOCRACY!
Greek Philosophy/Literature Socrates Socrates – Belief based on question and answer – Socratic Method Plato Plato – The Republic: best govt. is ruled by philosopher-kings Aristotle Aristotle – arguing using logic – Scientific Method Homer: epic poems of heroic deeds Homer: epic poems of heroic deeds Greek drama: tragedies and comedies Greek drama: tragedies and comedies
Greek Technology/Culture Astronomy Astronomy – Eratosthenes calculated earth’s circumference Mathematics and Physics Mathematics and Physics – Euclid created geometry – Archimedes pi and screw – Pythagorean Theorem Art Art – Columns/Acropolis
The 1 st Olympic Field First Olympics!
Greece at its Greatest!
CLASSICAL ROME
Roman Government/Politics Republic Republic – Elected leaders Twelve Tables Twelve Tables – Written Law – Equal Rights Empire Empire – Augustus Pax Romana “Roman Peace” – Diocletian Divided Rome into East and West
Roman Religion Constantine: Constantine: made Christianity the official religion of Rome Why did Christianity spread so easily? – – Accepted everyone – – Belief of spreading the word CHRISTIANITY
Roman Technology/Culture Aqueducts ArchDome Colosseum
Public Entertainment Gladiator Fights Christian Persecutions Wild Animal Hunts
Fall of the Roman Empire Political Weakness Political Weakness – Corrupt leaders Economic Problems Economic Problems – High taxes, inflation, unemployment Military Decline Military Decline – Non-roman soldiers = less loyal Invasions Invasions – Barbarians
Mauryan and Gupta India
Indian Government/Politics Chandragupta Maurya unified Northern India creating an empire Chandragupta Maurya unified Northern India creating an empire Asoka- Mauryan Empire’s greatest ruler Asoka- Mauryan Empire’s greatest ruler
Indian Religion Buddhism Buddhism Hinduism Hinduism
Indian Technology/Culture Math Math Zero, decimal system, pi Zero, decimal system, pi Medicine Medicine Medicinal plants, plastic surgery Medicinal plants, plastic surgery Literature Literature poetry poetry Trade Trade Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade
Classical China
Chinese Government/Politics Dynasties Dynasties – Zhou, Qin, Han Great Wall Great Wall Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven – Heaven chooses and blesses the rulers of China
Chinese Religion Confucius Confucius Daoism Daoism
Chinese Technology/Culture PaperSilk Road Iron Tools Silk Chinese Exam System
Classical Israel
Israel Government/Politics Kingdoms Kingdoms – – Saul – – David – – Solomon Ten Commandments Ten Commandments – – Code of Law
Israel Religion Judaism Judaism Monotheistic Monotheistic Abraham Abraham – Founder of the Hebrew people Torah Torah – First 5 books of the Hebrew Bible Covenant Covenant – Promise between God and his people Moses Moses – Led Hebrews out of slavery
Accomplishments of Israel Solomon’s Temple Capital of Jerusalem
Concluding Idea… What are some commonalities of the Classical Empires? They began by expanding and unifying They had beliefs/religions that spread easily The downfall of the empires were caused by – – Problems within the Empires – – Outside invasions