Worldwide Inequality Dawn of time By: Elizabeth Atchison

Life is All About Gaining Resources Resource: Anything valued in society ($, Medical Care, Education) There is a limited supply- how do we decide who gets resources?

Early Societies Early Societies Early human societies were organized into small groups in order to hunt for food and gather fruits and plants to eat Early human societies were organized into small groups in order to hunt for food and gather fruits and plants to eat Men hunted while women gathered and reared children Men hunted while women gathered and reared children

Evolution of society Hunter gatherer societies traveled in small groups and took care of their immediate families. Hunter gatherer societies traveled in small groups and took care of their immediate families. Hunter gatherers gathered together for protection, safety, and food Hunter gatherers gathered together for protection, safety, and food Any farming is strictly subsistence farming- grow what you need Any farming is strictly subsistence farming- grow what you need

Improving Technology Leads to Settlement Technology helped early people to settle down geographically Technology helped early people to settle down geographically New weapons helped early hunters kill prey easier and more efficiently New weapons helped early hunters kill prey easier and more efficiently New farm tools allowed early people to grow food New farm tools allowed early people to grow food

Evolution leads to Cities Few groups of people begin to move into a central area Few groups of people begin to move into a central area Small cities are formed- protection, safety, and organization Small cities are formed- protection, safety, and organization Trade! Trade!

Technology Advances Society New Farm tools such as plows and spades allow farmers to be efficient New Farm tools such as plows and spades allow farmers to be efficient With more efficiency, less farmers are needed to provide the same amount of food With more efficiency, less farmers are needed to provide the same amount of food Efficiency = specialization Efficiency = specialization Less farmers = find something else to contribute to society Less farmers = find something else to contribute to society Movement toward cities to trade and sell new wares Movement toward cities to trade and sell new wares Jobs in cities Jobs in cities

$$ Industrial Revolution $$ Factories begin creating goods much faster and better than individuals can Factories begin creating goods much faster and better than individuals can Scramble for resources to create products b/c Products = $$$ Scramble for resources to create products b/c Products = $$$

$$ Industrial Revolution Cont…$$ Machines + Workers + Natural resources = finished products= $$$ Machines + Workers + Natural resources = finished products= $$$ Natural resources- items in nature, such as copper, iron, wood, oils, etc…, that are used to create finished products Natural resources- items in nature, such as copper, iron, wood, oils, etc…, that are used to create finished products The more natural resources, the more goods. The more goods, the more money. The more natural resources, the more goods. The more goods, the more money.

But where to get the goods… Africa has a good deal of natural resources ( and had little industry= little competition for resources) Africa has a good deal of natural resources ( and had little industry= little competition for resources) Europe will turn to Africa for resources Europe will turn to Africa for resources Should Africa be paid for their resources?? Should Africa be paid for their resources??

Colonization around the world Powerful industrial countries use their colonies in order to obtain taxes and resources Powerful industrial countries use their colonies in order to obtain taxes and resources “Haves” vs “Have nots”- can we steal from our colonies? “Haves” vs “Have nots”- can we steal from our colonies? Colonies treated as savages, kids, unintelligent, and stupid Colonies treated as savages, kids, unintelligent, and stupid

Global Stratification Industrial countries- “HAVE” based on industry and trade Industrial countries- “HAVE” based on industry and trade They are able to charge high prices to agrarian countries and colonies= profit! They are able to charge high prices to agrarian countries and colonies= profit! Agrarian countries- “HAVE NOT” based on natural resources stolen Agrarian countries- “HAVE NOT” based on natural resources stolen Do not have many goods to sell Do not have many goods to sell Get taken advantage of Get taken advantage of

Industrialization leads to Inequality Industry creates wealth for factory owners Industry creates wealth for factory owners While workers do have jobs, they are not given high wages While workers do have jobs, they are not given high wages Workers must live close to factories- housing is bad Workers must live close to factories- housing is bad

Factory Life Factory Life Machines are dangerous Machines are dangerous Hands and limbs get lost Hands and limbs get lost Unsanitary Unsanitary Child Labor Child Labor Long Days- 14 Hours Long Days- 14 Hours Crowded Crowded Bad Housing Bad Housing Low Wages Low Wages

Woes of factory life

Contrast Industrial countries- have set up economies that give them a chance to make $, have more goods and services, opportunities for schools and advancement Industrial countries- have set up economies that give them a chance to make $, have more goods and services, opportunities for schools and advancement Non-Industrial Countries- have to buy goods from the wealthier countries, are behind technologically and economically, and politically Non-Industrial Countries- have to buy goods from the wealthier countries, are behind technologically and economically, and politically

1848- Communist Manifesto Karl Marx Karl Marx Economic philosopher Economic philosopher Saw the poverty of the working class Saw the poverty of the working class Thought that workers will never be treated as equals by the ruling class Thought that workers will never be treated as equals by the ruling class

1848- Communist Manifesto cont. Marx believed that the bourgeoisie (owners) would always hold down the proletariats (workers) Marx believed that the bourgeoisie (owners) would always hold down the proletariats (workers) It was up to the workers to unite, overthrow the rulers (and government?) and take over as the ruling class It was up to the workers to unite, overthrow the rulers (and government?) and take over as the ruling class Proletariat should share the factors of production and should all share in the wealth Proletariat should share the factors of production and should all share in the wealth

The Middle Income Countries are formed Russian Revolution 1917-First major Communist country Russian Revolution 1917-First major Communist country Vladimir Lenin leads revolution to overthrow the Tsar(king) of Russia Russia will share resources Leads to constant scarcity

Communism Spreads Russia, China, and many Latin American countries like Cuba and Argentina have individual revolutions Russia, China, and many Latin American countries like Cuba and Argentina have individual revolutions This is thought to be a solution to poverty in these countries This is thought to be a solution to poverty in these countries

Communism’s Impact While Communists have tried to fix their ailing economies with planning and mandates, they have never been able to accommodate their people’s needs While Communists have tried to fix their ailing economies with planning and mandates, they have never been able to accommodate their people’s needs Many Communist countries have suffered from corruption and abuse of power- CUBA Many Communist countries have suffered from corruption and abuse of power- CUBA

Recap High Income Countries Middle Income Countries Low Income Countries

Low Income Countries Struggling economies Struggling economies Many people still practice subsistence farming Many people still practice subsistence farming Little infrastructure is set up- government, medical care, roads, etc Little infrastructure is set up- government, medical care, roads, etc Struggle with much corruption and mismanagement of scarce resources Struggle with much corruption and mismanagement of scarce resources Little money Little money

Colors signify some of our poorest areas

Middle Income Countries Have been or are currently Communist Have been or are currently Communist Many are recovering from Communism and are trying to up their industrial output Many are recovering from Communism and are trying to up their industrial output There is a ruling class and a working class that usually gets ordered what to do There is a ruling class and a working class that usually gets ordered what to do Anyone who goes against the government risks prison or death Anyone who goes against the government risks prison or death

Low-Middle Income Factory

High Income Countries Usually have economies based on industry or information and technology Usually have economies based on industry or information and technology Typically most people have decent houses, cars, and other consumer goods Typically most people have decent houses, cars, and other consumer goods High Standard of Living High Standard of Living Examples- U.S.A, Japan, Enland Examples- U.S.A, Japan, Enland

High Income Countries

Stratification within High Income Countries Compton, CA and San Diego, CA are 15 minutes apart, but are an example of Social Stratification within our High Income Country Compton, CA and San Diego, CA are 15 minutes apart, but are an example of Social Stratification within our High Income Country

Issues within our High Income Country With the advancing of our economy from industrial to post-industrial, (1950+) there are less industrial jobs for unskilled workers With the advancing of our economy from industrial to post-industrial, (1950+) there are less industrial jobs for unskilled workers There is a new reliance on education and technological skills- jobs such as accounting, medicine, law, computer engineering There is a new reliance on education and technological skills- jobs such as accounting, medicine, law, computer engineering Information is used to better people’s lives Information is used to better people’s lives There is a widening gap between the “Haves” and “Have Nots” here in America There is a widening gap between the “Haves” and “Have Nots” here in America

Outsourcing Many industrial jobs are being outsourced to countries in which wages are lower, no health care, no sanitation requirements, no mandated work hours, no child labor laws, no breaks Many industrial jobs are being outsourced to countries in which wages are lower, no health care, no sanitation requirements, no mandated work hours, no child labor laws, no breaks Countries like the Philippines, Mexico, India, China, and others depend on industries for subsistence pay Countries like the Philippines, Mexico, India, China, and others depend on industries for subsistence pay