12/14 – Hinduism and Buddhism AIM: 1) How did Hinduism change over time? 2)How did Buddhism develop from the Hindu tradition? Opener: 1) List examples of American beliefs that have changed over the past 100 years. 2) List examples of American beliefs that have stayed the same over the past 100 years

AP World Examination “Continuity and change over time” essay.

Complete the thought: Life is suffering, and the cause of suffering is:

Agree / Disagree Life is suffering, and the cause of suffering is your attachment to objects, people, or ideas. (Desire)

Siddhartha Gautama (566 – 486 B.C.E)

2 Questions Why might people have turned away from Hinduism and become Buddhist? How did Hinduism adapt to this challenge?

The Development of Hinduism and Buddhism As you read: Take notes summarizing the most important parts Note what is especially interesting to you. Make connections to other topics/texts you’ve read or learned about. Or your own life or the world today. Generate questions

Types of Questions Clarifying: Hypothetical: Evaluative: Application: What does the text mean when it says “[…..]” Hypothetical: What would happen if…? Evaluative: What [system] was better for [women, peasants, etc.]…? Application: How might […..] be present in [another civilization, in today’s world, etc.]

Ascetic: A person who renounces material comforts and practices self-discipline for religious reasons. Aesthetics: A branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty. (An “aesthete” is a person who has a special appreciation for art and beauty.)

12/18 – Ashoka the Great AIM: How did the rule of Ashoka reflect Buddhist principles? Opener: Machiavelli, the famous Italian statesman and philosopher once said regarding kings who wish to maintain power over their kingdoms, that it is safer to be feared than loved. Do you agree with Machiavelli? Why or why not?

12/20 – Comparing India to China AIM: How can we compare the political, cultural, and economic features of Classical China and Classical India? Opener: Fill out the chart on the blackboard as best you can.

Political Structure Cultural Structure Economic Structure Classical China Classical India

Indian Dynasties India was divided into powerful local states ruled by local warlords. No unity as in China. In 322 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya seized power, establishing the Mauryan dynasty. His grandson, Ashoka ruled from 269-232 BCE. Converted to Buddhism Kushan invaders brought about an end to the Mauryan Dynasty

Indian Dynasties The Guptas established the next dynasty, which lasted from 320 C.E. until 535 C.E. Expanded empire through political alliances with local princes. Hinduism became popular again due to promotion by Gupta rulers. Gupta empire ended due to Nomadic invasions by the Huns.

Overall political trends Indian government was not as centralized as Chinese. No uniform language No bureaucracy Based on local alliances Caste system helped create order and structure Had the effect of promoting tolerance and allowed diverse peoples to live together with less conflict

Economic & Social Trends Patriarchal society Women must obey husbands and sons Indian women had more status than Chinese counterparts due to strong female goddess figures; characters in epics, etc. Praised as strong mothers and wives Family was an economic unit Arranged marriage; supporting parents; etc.

Advanced Technology Advanced metalwork (steel & iron making) Advanced textiles (cotton, calico, cashmere) Greater trade than China Traded extensively with Middle East and South East Asia Expanded cultural influence primarily through trade.