L ECTURE 5. T HEME : S PIRITUALITY IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF PEOPLE IN C ENTRAL A SIA

The plan: 1. The concept of "Renaissance" and its main features. 2. Central Asia center of spirituality and thought of the East. 3. Renaissance thinkers contribution to world civilization

The term "Renaissance" - Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries.), Which was marked by great discoveries and inventions that raised the philosophy and art of ancient Greece and Rome, often associated with the flowering of culture in Europe that began in Italy, and then gone over to other countries - France, England, Germany, Russia. However, the revival in Central Asia began nearly five hundred years earlier than the European Renaissance.

Oriental Renaissance - the revival of cultural and spiritual values, the rapid development of science and philosophy, literature and art in Central Asia IX, XII-XV centuries. Naturally, when it comes to the Renaissance in Central Asia, one can not ignore an important factor associated with religion. As you know, Islam was the spiritual foundation of all that there was in the socio-political life.

T HE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE E ASTERN AND W ESTERN R ENAISSANCE : 1. Renaissance in the West was in the XV-XVII centuries., And in the east it is divided into two periods. They are: a) Early Renaissance - IX-XII centuries. b) Late Renaissance - XIV-XV centuries. 2. If the Western Renaissance is a fight for feudalism and religion, in the East we do not keep a sharp resolution of the problem

Common features of the Eastern and Western Renaissance - is antiquity, the "rebirth" and the development of applied sciences, as well as encyclopedic and promote humanism.

The Arab conquest to unite the people with different traditions, beliefs and world view, gave a new impetus to the development of feudal relations of production in the occupied territories, created the conditions for the exchange of the achievements of scientific thought and, ultimately, the flourishing intellectual culture

In this regard, it is worth recalling that the revival started in the first place, in the central cities in the Arab Caliphate. Thinkers Central Asia since the ninth century. actively studied ancient Greek philosophy, science, literature and art. Teachings thinkers of antiquity was the main flowering of science and philosophy in the East in the period....

Ancient Greek culture has had a huge impact on the development of science and culture in the East. In some cases, the works of poets and writers in Central Asia borrowed an ancient Greek theme. So in the works A.Dzhami "Hirodnomai Iskandari" Alisher Navoi "Saddi Iskandar" created images of the great commander of Alexander the Great of ancient Greece. The result of the Renaissance in Central Asia are the greatest achievements in the political, economic and spiritual life of society.

The problem of man for the first time was so badly placed figures of the Renaissance, and all that has been achieved is the development of the individual. This era was in need of their creators and history has given them. Scientific feat that made ​​ Farghoniy, Farabi, Firdausi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Biruni, Ulugbek, Jami still surprises people and their discoveries are the pride of our national culture. His natural science and philosophical discoveries they have made a revolution in human consciousness.

Early Renaissance Eastern IX-XII centuries. During this period of cultural centers are Moverannahra Bukhara, Samarkand, Merv, Tashkent and Fergana. In this era created large libraries used by scientists. At the time, lived and worked great scholars: Ibn Mousa Khwarizmi Fergani Ahmad, al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mahmud of Kashgar, Rudaki, etc.

Ahmad Fergani (IX cent.) - Astronomer. His most famous writings are "The Book of the heavenly motions," "Code of the science of the stars....

Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan al-Farabi ( ) - a prominent philosopher and scientist. Created more than 100 works, "Sources of Philosophy," "A Treatise on the mind," "A Treatise on the state". He was nicknamed "Aristotle East."

Abu Ali Ibn Sina ( ). In the East, this scientist named Al - Sheikh - Spiritual Guide or ar - Rice - Head and he had another honorary title - Hujjat Al - Haq, ie The authority of truth. In the west, in the Middle Ages - Christian Europe, he was known as Avicenna. The largest of his works are the "Book of Healing", consisting of 22 volumes, "The Book of Knowledge", "The Book of Salvation," "The Canon of Medicine", which was the main source of knowledge on medicine for six centuries for the doctors of the East and the West

Muhammad Taragai Ulugbek ( ) - an outstanding scientist in the XV., Grandson of Amir Temur. "Rested Guragoni" (Gurgansky catalog of stars). One of the largest observatories in the Middle Ages, built near Samarkand Ulugbek 1430.

Abu Rayhan Biruni ( ) entered the history of science as a scientist - the lexicographer. He created more than 150 works on almost all branches of knowledge. His most famous works, "The science of the stars", "India", "Monuments of the past generations," "History of ancient peoples," "Maksudova table", "Comets", "research", "Surveying", etc

Muhammad ibn Musa al- Khwarizmi ( ) - the founder of algebra. Proceedings of the al - Khwarizmi "Astronomical Tables," "A Treatise on the sundial," works on geography "Making maps), history, etc., translated into Latin, had a beneficial influence on the development of medieval scientific thought in the East and the West.

Late Renaissance (XIV-XV centuries.) Period was associated with the name of the outstanding statesman Amir Timur. For the spiritual life of this period is characterized by an appeal to the secular and religious sciences, the desire to study the nature, the rise of the human mind to the study of nature, the rise of the human mind of his abilities and high moral qualities, preaching humanistic, universal qualities

Alisher Navoi ( ) - the great Uzbek poet, thinker, statesman. He wrote more than 30 works. Of these, the most famous "Wall of Iskander", "Farhad and Shirin", "Layla and Majnun", "Seven Planets", "Confusion just 'judgment of the two languages," Dear Heart, "" The Biography of Hassan Ardasher "," History of Prophets and wise "," Source ", etc.

Abdurrahman Jami ( ) - a great thinker and humanist. Literature XVI-XVII centuries. was represented by such names as gourdes, Mashrab, Mavlyan Vafo, Nadir, Mullah suits, Ravnak, Rahim Andlalib, Nishat, Omar Baha, Ak-Mal. Mirza Abdulkadir Bedilov ( ). He left a lot of work, "four elements", "Acuity", "Knowledge", "Chetvorestishiya", "Gazelle". Babarahim Mashrab ( ). Poems: Mabdai nur "," Devon Mashrab. "