Human-Computer Interaction: An Opportunity for Information Systems Researchers Jenny Preece Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County

Online communities A virtual space where people discuss and exchange information and support Patients, professionals, students, citizens Small or large, local, national, or international, virtual or physi-virtual

SociabilityUsability  Purpose  People  Policies  Dialog & social interaction support  Information design  Navigation  Access

What makes an online community successful? Guidelines, heuristics and metrics for success Participation - posting & lurking Group dynamics Trust in interpersonal communication Empathic communities

SIGCHI 1992 Model of HCI

Organizational goal Eason’s 1991 Socio-technical systems: Levels of analysis Organizational goal Social system Technical system Work PeopleTechnology LEVEL 3 Society LEVEL 2 Organization LEVEL 1 Individual

ICIS Conference call Meeting the Challenges of a Global Networked Economy Business Models, Markets, and Economy Innovation, Strategy, and Change Organization, Culture, Decision-Making & Knowledge Time, Space, and Mobility Architecture, Systems, & Infrastructure Society, Policy, & Regulation Meta Frameworks and Theory

ICIS Conference call Meeting the Challenges of a Global Networked Economy Business Models, Markets, and Economy Innovation, Strategy, and Change Organization, Culture, Decision-Making & Knowledge Time, Space, and Mobility Architecture, Systems, & Infrastructure Society, Policy, & Regulation Meta Frameworks and Theory

Organizational goal A change in emphasis (based on Eason’s 1991) Organizational goal Social system Technical system Work PeopleTechnology LEVEL 3 Society LEVEL 2 Organization LEVEL 1 Individual Global

Change in emphasis from users interacting with technology to users interacting with systems supported by technology Human-systems interaction Emphasis on organization, society, global Also in SIGCHI and Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW)

Human-systems interaction Individual usability Organizational usability Societal usability Mobile devices Display design Input strategies Info. Viz. Collaborating & sharing Information flow Work flow Cost-benefits Quality measures Global networks Culture & society Mobility of people, business, $$$ Trust, security, privacy Social capital

Expanding application areas E-areas: e-commerce, e-education & training, e-government, e-health Internet law, knowledge management, inter- cultural communication, communities of practice, online communities, creativity support Local & global markets, advertising, management (B->C, B->B), business process, government services, homeland security, international development

Theories needed Individual: model human processor, (1980), Fitts’ Law, direct-manipulation (Shneiderman, 1982), Norman’s 7 stages (1986) Organizational: group support, computer mediated communication – common-ground, distributed cognition, activity theory Societal: trust, reciprocity, social capital, inter- cultural communication, digital divide MIS emphasizes theory (Zhang et al, 2002)

Methods needed Individual: usability testing to compare designs, modeling, heuristic evaluation Organizational: comparative studies, questionnaires, observation, ethnography, contextual inquiry Societal: network analysis, group process analysis, survey analysis, diaries & logging, virtual ethnography

Human-Systems Interaction: An Opportunity for Information Systems Researchers Jenny Preece Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County

Questions & comments

Recent publications Preece, J. (Ed.) (2002) Supporting Community and Building Social Capital. Special edition of Communications of the ACM, 45, Preece, J. and Ghozati, K. (2001) Observations and Explorations of Empathy Online. In. R. R. Rice and J. E. Katz, The Internet and Health Communication: Experience and Expectations. Sage Publications Inc.: Thousand Oaks Andrews, D., Preece, J., and Turoff, M. (2002) A conceptual framework for demographic groups resistant to online community. I. J. Elect Commerce, 6, 3, Preece, J. (2001) Sociability and usability: Twenty years of chatting online. Behavior and Information Technology Journal, 20, 5, Nonnecke, B. & Preece, J. (2000) Counting the silent. ACM CHI’2000, Hague, Brown, J. R., van Dam, A., Earnshaw, R., Encarnacao, J., Geudj, R., Preece, J., Shneiderman, B., Vince, J. (1999) Human-centered computing, online communities, and virtual environments. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 19, 6, Preece, J. (1998). Empathic communities: Reaching out across the Web. ACM Interactions 5 (2), Preece, J. (1999). Empathic communities: Balancing emotional and factual communication. Interacting with Computers, 12,