NATURAL RESOURCES  LAND  WATER  VEGETATION

LAND National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use and Planning(NBSS&LUP )

NBSS&LUP,Nagpur of ICAR (2005) Sl. No SourceIndia (Lakh Ha) Andhra Pradesh (Lakh Ha) 1Water Erosion Wind Erosion94.80Nil 3Water logging/flooding Salinity/Alkalinity Soil acidity Complex problems Geographical Area Degraded area (%)

PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS(KGs/Ha) Sl. No Country/StatePaddyWheatMaizeGroundnut (In shell) Sugarcane 1World India Pakistan China Egypt USA Andhra Pradesh (Source : From Ministry of Agriculture,GoI & Commissionerate of Agrl.A.P.,Hyd )

Sl.NoYearPopulation (crores) Gross Cropped area (million ha) Total food grains production (million tonnes) Per capita per day food grains requirement (grams) Net availability of food grains per capita per day(grams) (21.66%) (57%) (61.39%) (24.79%) (8.5%) (32.18%) (24.84%) (4.12%) (19.24%) (23.67%) (7.59%) (36.42%) (21.35%) (2.15%) (11.07%) (23.66%) (5.88%) ( Required) (30.12%) (4.72%) (4.42%) ( Required) (4.7%)

 Geographical area of India 3287 lakh ha  Net cultivated area : 1420 lakh ha  Irrigated area : 570 lakh ha  Rainfed area : 850 lakh ha  Low productivity and low input usage are two major issues confronting rainfed farming.  Productivity per unit of land  Productivity per unit of water are important for optimum production.

SPLASH EROSION

SHEET EROSION

GULLY EROSION

Sl.NoSoil Erosion Rate (t/ha/yr) Soil erosion class 10-5Slight 25-10Moderate High Very high Severe 6> 80Very severe

ACID SOILS

SALINE SOILS

ALKALINE SOILS

RECLAMATION OF SALINE SOILS 1.Deep ploughing 2. Sanding 3.Adding gypsum 4.Adding sulfur 5.Adding organic matter Causes : Low rainfall, high evaporation rate, poor drainage, irrigation with saline water RECLAMATION OF ALKALINE SOILS Application of gypsum, leaching, green manuring, straw mulching Causes : presence of carbonates of ca, mg and na RECLAMATION OF ACID SOILS: Adding ground limestone (calcium carbonate) Causes : High rainfall

SHIFTING CULTIVATION

WATER Blue water is the source of supply. It is equivalent to the natural water resources (surface and groundwater runoff). Green water is the rainwater directly used and evaporated by non-irrigated agriculture, pastures and forests

Sl.NoCROPIRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT (MM) 1RICE MAIZE SOYABEAM SUGARCANE COTTON GROUNDNUT SUNFLOWER WHEAT

VIRTUAL WATEER Amount of water that is embedded in food or other products needed for its production Trade in VW allows scarce countries to import high water consuming products while exporting low water consuming products Sl.NoPRODUCTVW Content (m3/ tonne ) 1Potato160 2Maize900 3Milk900 4Wheat1350 5Rice3000 6Soyabean cup of coffee needs 140 litres of water 1 litre of milk needs 1000 litres of water. 1 kg of wheat needs 1350 litres of water. 1 kg of rice needs 3000 litres of water. 1 kg maize needs 900 litres of water.

WATERSHED  A geohydrological unit draining to a common point by a system of drains.  It is topographically delineated area draining into a single channel.  It is considered as a biological, physical, economic and social system  It is environmental tool for taking up development initiatives  It is a logical unit for planning optimal development of its soil, water and biomass resources.

TYPES OF WATERSHEDS 1.MACRO WATERSHED > ha 2.SUB WATERSHED > to ha 3.MILLI WATERSHED > 1000 to ha 4.MICRO WATERSHED > 100 to 1000 ha 5.MINI WATERSHED > 1 to 100 ha

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (Since inception to ) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NWDPRA ( ) RVP&FPR (1962&81) WDPSCA( ) RADAS( ) WDF( ) EAPs Total

Ministry of Rural Development (Since inception upto ) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1DPAP ( ) DDP ( ) IWDP ( ) EAPs Total

Ministry of Environment & Forests Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NAEP( ) Total

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (XI FYP) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1NWDPRA RVP&FPR WDPSCA RADAS WDF EAPs RADP Total

Ministry of Rural Development (XI FYP) Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1DPAP DDP IWDP IWDP/IWMP Total

PLANNING COMMISSION Sl.NoPROGRAMMEAREA (Lakh ha) AMOUNT (Rs crores) 1Hill Area & Westren Ghat Development Programme

INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

National Rainfed Area Authority Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India NASC Complex, Dev Prakash Shastri Marg PUSA, New Delhi

Sl.NoBUDGET COMPONENT% OF THE BUDGET 1ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS10 2MONITORING1 3EVALUATION1 (I) PREPARATORY PHASE ( 1 -2 YEARS) 4ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES4 5INSTITUTION & CAPACITY BUILDING5 6DETAILED PROJECT REPORT(DPR)1 (II) WATERSHED WORKS PHASE(2-3 YEARS) 7WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT WORKS50 8LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES FOR THE ASSETLESS PERSONS10 9PRODUCTION SYSTEM & MICRO ENTERPRISES13 (III)CONSOLIDATION PHASE(1-2 YEARS)5 TOTAL100

Sl. No DISTRICTNUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS AREA (Ha) TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 1Adilabad Anantapur Chittoor Kadapa Khammam Kurnool Mahabubnagar Medak IWMP PROJECTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

Sl. No DISTRICTNUMBER OF MEGA WATERSHED PROJECTS AREA (Ha) TOTAL PROJECT COST (Crores) 9Nalgonda Prakasam Ranga Reddy Srikakulam

“The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value“The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value”