Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop January 11 to 13, 2011 David Parrish NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division Boulder, Colorado

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop January 11 to 13,

Ground-based monitoring stations CalNex 2010: Field measurements Long-term surface observations

CALGEM (LBNL/NOAA) tall tower sites WGC Sutro Long-term surface observations Instrumented tall towers CalNex 2010: Field measurements Marc Fischer/LBL and NOAA/GMD

CalNex and CARES major ground sites T0 T1 SJV LA Long-term surface observations Instrumented tall towers Major intensive ground sites CalNex 2010: Field measurements CARES: Rahul Zaveri/DOE Bakersfield: Allen Goldstein Ronald Cohen Los Angeles/Cal Tech: Joost deGouw Jochen Stutz Jose Jimenez

IONS-2010 ozonesonde network Long-term surface observations Instrumented tall towers Major intensive ground sites Daily ozonesonde launches CalNex 2010: Field measurements oducts/calnex/calnex_web/gif_archi ve/o3sondes/ Owen Cooper

NOAA, Air Districts, others Long-term surface observations Instrumented tall towers Major intensive ground sites Daily ozonesonde launches Radar wind profiler network CalNex 2010: Field measurements Allen White

NOAA WP-3D flights CalNex 2010: Field measurements Long-term surface observations Instrumented tall towers Major intensive ground sites Daily ozonesonde launches Radar wind profiler network Cal-Mex 2010 Mobile research platforms NOAA WP-3D NOAA Twin Otter CIRPAS Twin Otter NASA King Air DOE G-1 R/V Atlantis Satellite observations TES, OMI, Sciamachy, IASI

FLEXPPART transport modeling CARB regional air quality modeling Comparison of regional forecast models NOAA/GFDL climate modeling Brad Pierce global modeling CalNex 2010: Modeling

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop January 11 to 13, 2011 David Parrish NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division Boulder, Colorado

A12A - Monday Overview of 2010 CalNex and CARES field studies A13I - Monday Aerosol characterization and optical properties A14A - Monday Aerosol sources and effects, including black carbon A21H - Tuesday Gas phase species sources and distributions A22B - Tuesday Climate and air quality processes and modeling A23D - Tuesday Impact of transport of ozone and aerosols A21C - Tuesday Poster Hall – 55 posters Climate Change, Air Quality, and Their Interrelations at the North American West Coast Included many CalNex results 47 Oral Presentations

In-Situ observations of speciated organics in gas and particle phases: CalNex2010 Bakersfield (and a little data from Los Angeles) A. Goldstein, D. Gentner, G. Isaacman, D. Worton, Y. Zhao, R. Weber, R. Sellon, A. Guha (UC Berkeley) N. Kreisberg, S. Hering (Aerosol Dynamics Inc.) B. Williams (Washington University, St. Louis) T. Hohaus, A. Lambe, J. Jayne, L. Williams, D. Worsnop (Aerodyne Research Inc) J-L. Jimenez (University of Colorado) L. Russell, S. Liu, D. Day (UC San Diego) CalNex Bakersfield Science Team CalNex Pasadena Science Team SPECIAL THANKS TO: John Karlik, Rick Ramirez UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization) Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA Bakersfield Fig from R. Cohen

Gas measurements Particulate measurements Brune (Penn State)OH, HO 2, OH reactivity Cohen (UCB)NO, NO 2, peroxynitrates, RONO 2, HNO 3 Goldstein (UCB)VOCs, CO, O 3, Met Goldstein/Baer (UCB/LGR)CO, N 2 O, CH 4, H 2 O, CO 2 Keutsch (UWi)H 2 CO, HCOHCO, a-dicarbonyls Murphy (U Toronto)IC and IR, water soluble gases Ren (U Miami)HONO, Met Thornton (UWa)PAN, PPN, MPAN, RO 2 NO 2, etc. Wennberg (CalTech)H 2 O 2, CH 3 OOH, HNO 3, HO 2 NO 2, HCN, etc. Wilczak (NOAA)Boundary Layer, Met Zondolo (Princeton)NH 3 ARBOC/EC Brune (Penn State)Potential aerosol mass Cohen (UCB)Particle organic nitrates Glasius (U Aarhus, DK)Organonitrates, organosulfates (filters) Goldstein (UCB)/Hering (ADI)TAG speciated organics, MOUDI samples Murphy (U Toronto)IC and IR, water soluble particles Offenberg (EPA)/Surratt (UNC)Aerosol Composition (filters) Russell (UCSD)AMS, FTIR, SPMS, trace elements Bakersfield CalNex2010 Team

Summary Bakersfield versus LA – Vastly different emission sources, particularly for Reactive Organic Gases Bakersfield hourly speciated organics include 500+ chemicals spanning 15 orders of magnitude in volatility, and wide range of composition Bakersfield PM1 dominantly organic & secondary Primary and secondary tracers useful for identification of sources Gas/particle partitioning observed Analysis of data just beginning Funding: California ARB, NSF Atmos Chem, DOE SBIR /STTR, NOAA SPECIAL THANKS TO: John Karlik, Rick Ramirez UC Cooperative Extension Kern County Staff R. Cohen, S. Pusede UC Berkeley (PI and site organization)

Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles Basin and the Central Valley, California Carsten Warneke from the NOAA WP-3 CalNex science team NOAA Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado CalNex 2010 Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change  Overview of the NOAA WP-3 CalNex mission  VOCs indicating aging and mixing of the Los Angeles plume Overview WP-3 CalNexCentral ValleyLA basinSummary

NOAA WP-3 CalNex 2010 Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change David Parrish, Michael Trainer, Tom Ryerson CalNex Science team Central Valley:  Large emissions from agriculture LA basin:  Fresh emissions are mixed with 1 and 2 day old pollution  During the night: also processed  On weekends: more processed than during the week  CO and VOCs have decreased by about a factor of two since 2002 Conclusions Overview WP-3 CalNexCentral ValleyLA basinSummary

Overview and Early Results Jochen Stutz, Joost de Gouw, Jose L. Jimenez, John Seinfeld, Jason Surratt and

Gas-Phase Measurements VOCsGC-MS, online VOCsNOAA O 3, NO 2, SO 2, NO 3, HONO, HCHODOASUCLA OH and HO 2, OH reactivityLIF – FAGEIndiana Univ. Photolysis frequencies, Total sky imagerScanning Actinic Flux SpectroradiometerUniv. of Houston O 3, SO 2, NO/NO x, NO y, CO UV Abs / Flour/ CL+ photolysis cell and Mo converter / VUVUniv. of Houston Organic acids, HONO, HNCO, HCl, HNO 3 CIMSNOAA HCHOHantzsch reaction fluorescenceUniv. of Houston CHOCHO, HONO, NO 2 CEASNOAA PANsGC-ECDNOAA ClNO 2, PANsCIMSU. Calgary CO / CO 2 VUV / NDIR absorptionNOAA gas phase and semivolatile organicsHigh-resolution PTR-TOF MSU. Utrecht water-soluble OC in the gas-phasePILS and mist chamber + online WSOCGeorgia Tech total gas-phase organics, & semivolatilesHigh Resolution EI-TOF-MSMIT gas-phase semivolatilesSorbent tubes + off-line TD-GCMSCMU urban meteorology, eddy covariancevariousNOAA ARL HCHO, CHOCHO, NO 2, aerosol SCDMAX-DOASCU Boulder NH 3 QC-TILDASUniv. of Toronto Soluble gases (HNO 3, NH 3 )GP-ICCARB 13CO 2 WS-CRDSCaltech Organic acids + other organicsMOVI-TOF-CIMSUniv. of Washington Daily canister for VOC analysisOffline GC- FID / MSUS EPA Research CHOCHO, NO 2 LED-CE-DOASCU Boulder Met parametersGround site Caltech Library RoofNOAA / Caltech HONOWet Chemical (HPLC) semivolatile gas-phase hydrocarbonssolid adsorption and liquid extractionLoyola Marymount

Aerosol Measurements Size resolved submicron chemical comp.High-resolution ToF-AMS (HR-ToF-AMS)CU Boulder Potential aerosol massPAMU-Boulder & Penn State Organic aerosol compositionSoft-Ionization HR-ToF-AMSCU Boulder Submicron particle number distributionsTSI SMPSCU Boulder SO 4 Research-quality monitorCARB Total particle numberTSI Water CPC 3786CU Boulder Particle number distrib.(300 nm - 10 um)Grimm OPC 1.109CU Boulder OC and EC1 hr Sunset Labs thermal-optical analyzerGeorgia Tech water-soluble OC in ParticlesPILS and mist chamber + online WSOCGeorgia Tech PM2.5 carboxylic acidsPILS + ion chromatography and CIMSGeorgia Tech 1-hr molecular tracers (particles and semivol.)TAG-AMS UC Berkeley, Aer. Dynamics, Aerodyne, CU-Boulder 1-hr molecular tracers (part. & semivol.)2D Thermal-Desorption Aerosol GC-MS (TAG)UC Berkeley, Aer. Dynamics PM semivolatile and non-volatile organicsHigh-resolution PTR-TOF MSU. Utrecht HR-MS analysis of WSOC/N compoundsPILS-collector + Electrospray-Orbitrap UHR MSDOE PNNL EMSL Black carbon & coating CompositionSP-AMSU. Manchester, UK Black carbon7-Wavelength Aethalometer U. Manchester, UK Black carbon absorptionDMT 3-Wavelength Photoacoustic Sensor U. Manchester, UK Black carbon massDMT SP2 (Soot Particle Soot Photometer) U. Manchester, UK Single particle composition nmPALMSNOAA Single nanoparticle compositionNAMSU. Delaware Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrumDMT CCN CounterBrookhaven NL Size-resolved CCNSMPS + DMT CCNBrookhaven NL Ions in aerosol (SO 4, NO 3, Cl, K, etc.)GP-ICCARB Particle-phase organic acids + other organicsMOVI-TOF-CIMSUniv. of Washington Submicron particle number distributionsTSI SMPS #2CU Boulder Submicron size distributionUHSASCU Boulder Supermicron size distribution & PBAPUV-APS CU Boulder

Aerosol Measurements (cont.) + Samplers particle extinction 532 nmCavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS)Aerodyne particle extinction 630 nmCAPSAerodyne single-particle single scattering albedoASTERNOAA aerosol LIDAR3-wavelength LIDARUSFS Column aerosol optical depthSunphotometry / AERONET StationUCLA Aerosol extinction, scattering, albedoCRDS / integrating sphere nephelometryTTU Boundary layer backscatter & heightVaisala CeilometerUniv. Houston / UCLA NMR analysis of WSOCCNR-ISAC, Italy Organosulfates and nitrooxy organosulfatesCaltech/UNC OOA characterizationUniversity of York, UK)\ 14C analysis of OC, EC, Water-Insoluble OC (WIOC) and WSOC (24 hr)PSI, Switzerland 14C analysis of Total Carbon (~3 hr for 100 samples) PSI, Switzerland Elements and metals (2-hr resolution) PSI, Switzerland HR-MS analysis of organic compoundsDOE PNNL EMSL Precursor-specific SOA TracersUS EPA Research Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for SOA characterization and evolutionBaylor Univ. 14C analysis of Total CarbonUS EPA Research Molecular speciation of OACSIC, Spain size resolved elements and mass in 8 sizes < PM10UC Davis modified FRM - PM2.5 massUS EPA Research)\ Microanalysis Particle SamplersASU Functional Group Contributions and potentially PMFUCSD Sample Archiving for future analysesGerogia tech Filter SamplerCMU Sorbent SamplerCMU Derivatization and direct thermal desorption with analysis by GCxGC-TOFMSUC Berkeley Metals and trace elementsCSIC

CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop January 11 to 13, 2011 David Parrish NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division Boulder, Colorado Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Measurement intercomparison – essential to ensure that measurements on different platforms are indeed equivalent. HC aging signatures of Cl?Nighttime/chlorine chemistry – progressing well (Wagner/Brown, Riedel/Thornton, Bertram presentations) HC aging signatures of Cl?

Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Ship emissions – progressing well (Williams presentation)

Instruments and data used for this work Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt presentation)

Instruments and data used for this work Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt presentation) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Provides cloud optical thickness and effective radius over 4 km.

NOAA P3 research aircraft Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) Zenith and nadir viewing spectral irradiance Spectral range: nm Instruments and data used for this work Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt presentation)

NOAA Research Vessel Atlantis SSFR Zenith viewing irradiance and radiance Spectral range: nm Microwave radiometer (MWR) Retrieves column integrated liquid water and water vapor Instruments and data used for this work Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt presentation)

Instruments and data used for this work Goal: Retrieve cloud optical thickness and effective radius from the surface Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Cloud retrieval work – progressing well (Schmidt presentation) May 16 rain rates measured on the Atlantis?: Sara Lance measured cloud properties on WP-3D and would like to integrate in Atlantis obs.

Calnex 2010 CCN Measurements on WP-3D Flights low over the water southwest of Los Angeles during cloud module 5-6x variability in CN, 2-3x variability in CCN for in- cloud versus out-of-cloud AMS shows mostly similar organic, sulfate loadings Rich Moore Georgia Tech.

June 18 th Flight P-3 is porpoising west and then back east Particle concentrations drop off more quickly between m than above Rich Moore Georgia Tech. Look for aerosol gradients west from the coast.

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Coal Oil Point seep – comparison with WP-3D measurements over Deep Water Horizon BP oil leak - progressing well (Gilman, Vlasenko presentations) Emission studies – LA outflow, Central Valley – Does the Atlantis see consistent results with other platforms and sites? (Gilman, Vlasenko, Massoli presentations)

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of- the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites - CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation) Secondary Organic Aerosol and Relationship to Precursors – Likely largest challenge, and area of most potential - (Gilman, Vlasenko, Bertram, Zhang, Bates, Frossard, Nuaaman, Massoli, Hakala, Gaston, sea sweep, others(?) presentations) - CalNex had a tremendous variety of relevant, state-of- the-art instrumentation deployed on Atlantis, CIRPAS Twin Otter and WP-3D mobile platforms, as well as LA and Bakersfield ground sites - CARES conducted a complementary program (Zhang presentation)

Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis Overview of CalNex 2010: Sites, Platforms Some Significant Findings, and Areas of Possible Collaboration with Atlantis CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop January 11 to 13, 2011 CalNex has provided an unprecedented data set: It will be exciting to see the interpretations and analyses that you all develop!