MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Impact Assessment on Organic Materials in Selected European Museums IAQ, Padua, Nov Elin Dahlin and Terje Grøntoft Norwegian Institute for Air Research Joel Taylor and Nigel Blades, UCL Sara Rentmeister, ALU-FMF Mihalis Lazaridis and Thodoros Glytsos, TU-Crete Christopher Calnan, National Trust, Janusz Czop, National Museum Krakow, David Howell, Historic Royal Palaces, Anne Sommer-Larsen, Trøndelag Folk Museum, Christoph Pitzen, Würtembergisches Landesmuseum, John Azzopardi, Wignacourt Museum

MASTER E.M. Dahlin: master-mal.ppt slide 2 EUK4-CT The MASTER Project EUK4-CT ”Preventive Conservation Strategies for Protection of Organic Objects in Museums, Historic Buildings and Archives”

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Impact assessment on organic material – problems to be solved  In museums and historic buildings all over Europe, objects made of organic materials are being affected either by display or by storage conditions because of unsuitable environmental conditions.

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT The Main Aim of the Project  To provide conservator staff of museums, historic buildings and archives with a new preventive conservation strategy for the protection of cultural property, based on an early warning system assessing the environmental impact on organic objects.  Up to now there has been no early warning tool for organic materials.

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT The Project partners  Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU, (NO)  University College London, (UK)  Alberts-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, (DE)  Technical University of Crete, (GR)  National Museum in Krakow, (PL)  Historic Royal Palaces, (UK)  Trøndelag Folk Museum, (NO) Subcontractors: The National Trust, (UK) The Consulting and Support Centre for the Museums of Baden Würtemberg, (DE) Wignacourt Collegiate Museum, (ML)

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Questionnaire about decay of organic collections in European museums, archives and historic buildings Developed by the partner; University College London, Centre for Sustainable Heritage

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Aims of questionnaire  Determine the kinds of monitoring carried out across Europe  Determine the perceived threats to organic collections  The motivations behind monitoring  The kinds of damage found on organic collections

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Target institutions and responses  European museums, historic houses and archives were sent questionnaires to approx. 100 institutions  31 institutions of varying size from 18 different countries responded, from Finland to Malta, and Portugal to Hungary

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT J. Taylor, 2004

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT J. Taylor, 2004

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Development of an Early Warning System  Assessment of environmental factors not enough in order to understand the real effect on art objects  The knowledge of the actual reaction between the art object and the contaminant is crucial  Development of sensors which emulate the reaction between art objects and the contaminants and which give a measurable effect responce will be a useful Early Warning System

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Development of the Early Warning Sensor (EWO-sensor)  Different organic polymers have been tested  The intention is to develop a sensor that can indicate the rate of chemical change, or damage, that objects are likely to suffer in a particular storage or display environment.  The main processes of chemical deterioration for organic objects involve either oxidation or acidic processes, or possibly a combination of both.

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT The Early Warning Sensor (EWO- sensor)  The EWO sensor is manufactured by spin coating the polymer onto a glass carrier. The production of EWO sensors is made by the partner Freiburg Material Research Centre  Chemical deterioration of certain polymers has shown to be detectable by simple techniques such as uv-visible spectrometry.

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Field test sites  The Museum of Decorative Art & Design, Oslo, Norway  Trøndelag Folk Museum, Trondheim, Norway  Blickling Hall, Norfolk, UK  Tower of London, The Bloody Tower, London, UK  Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany  Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum, Haslach, Germany  The Jan Matejko House, Krakow, Poland  The Karol Szymanowski Museum “Atma”, MNK Department in Zakopane, Poland  Wignacourt Collegiate Museum, Rabat, Malta  The Historical Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Field test exposure rack EWO sensors unshielded EWO sensors, shielded Passive gas samplers Paper Blue wool Dosimeter Silk

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Tasks: 1. Laboratory test: EWO response to controlled conc. of NO 2, O 3 and SO 2. - Calibration 2. Field test: EWO response to measured conc. of NO 2, O 3 and SO 2 in the museums. - Compare with lab. test. - Relate to real objects. Laboratory and field test

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Calibration curves RH = 70 % RH = 45 % t = 21 days T = 22 o C Laboratory test:

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT The field test programme  Duration 12 months  3 test sites in each museum:  Outdoor (A)  In an open exhibition area (B)  Inside a showcase (C)

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT EWO response 2. Environmental effect a. Environmental parameter values  Passive gas samplers: - NO 2, SO 2, O 3, Org. Acids.  Logger data - Temp, RH, Light (dust, number of visitors etc.) b. Correlaton between environmental dose (parameter values) and EWO response. Results

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT EWO – response. All stations / locations. Field test:

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT NO 2 concentrations. Location A, B and C

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT O 3 concentrations. Location A, B and C O 3 : Less variation in concentration than NO 2 SO 2 : Very low concentrations

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Organic acid concentrations. Location C Correlates negatively with NO 2

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Comparison between lab and field tests

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Modelling of Indoor/outdoor (I/O)-ratio of NO 2, O 3 and SO 2. -Modelling of total flux of pollutants (NO 2, O 3 and SO 2 ) to art objects exhibited indoors. IMPACT - modelling

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Example: Naturally ventilated buildings Wignacourt Museum, Rabat, Malta Measurements of Environment: Indoor temp : 22 o C Outdoor temp : 7 o C Indoor rel. hum : 74 % Average wind speed: 5 m s -1 Outdoor NO 2 : 8.5 ppb Indoor NO 2 : 4.5 ppb Art materialArea (m 2 ) Embroidered vestments (inside showcases) 26 Paintings3 Wooden furniture (polished) 8 Room surface materialArea (m 2 )Surface material Wall material 135Globigerina Limestone Wall material 2.35Glass in window panes as showcase Floor40Cement tiles Ceiling40Globigerina Limestone slabs and iron beams Volume (m 3 ) 186 Model input:

MASTER E.Dahlin, T. Grøntoft, IAQ, Padua, Nov.2004 EUK4-CT Model output: Indoor NO 2 = 5 ppb Total fluxes to the room surface materials (  g s-1): Limestone (wall, ceiling): Cloth (embroidered vestments) : Fine concrete (cement floor tiles) : Hard wood (furniture): Paintings : Glass (window panes, showcase): cloth concrete fine wood, hard paintings limestone

MASTER E.M. Dahlin: master-mal.ppt slide 29 EUK4-CT For updating of the project please visit our web page: