Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War 31

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War I.After World War II: A New International Setting for the West II.The Resurgence of Western Europe III.Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand IV.Culture and Society in the West V.Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire VI.Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert After World War II: A New International Setting for the West Europe and Its Colonies –Most colonies abandoned  hostility  force necessary force eschewed –Vietnam  French forced out, 1954

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert After World War II: A New International Setting for the West Europe and Its Colonies –Algeria  independence, 1962 –Egypt  Britain, France attack  U.S., Russia force them to withdraw

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Cold War Eastern block formed –Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany Marshall Plan, 1947

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Cold War Germany –allies rebuild, from 1946 –Russian blockade, 1947 –American airlift –split, 1948 NATO, 1949 Warsaw Pact

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Soviet and Eastern European Boundaries by 1948

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Spread of Aryan Settlement Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo- Aryan family of languages Arrived in waves from either central Asia or the Iranian plateau, mixed with local people and moved eastward to the Ganges by 1000 B.C.E.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Germany After World War II

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Resurgence of Western Europe The Spread of Liberal Democracy –Christian Democrats  social reform Federal Republic of Germany France –Fifth Republic, 1958 Portugal, Spain –democratic, parliamentary systems

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Resurgence of Western Europe The Welfare State –Western Europe  United States, Canada later  unemployment insurance  medicine  housing  family assistance

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The European Union

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Challenges to Political Stability Civil rights movement Feminism, environmentalism –Green Movement The Diplomatic Context –European Economic Community, 1958  Common Market –Single currency, 2001  euro –European Community, 2002

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economic Expansion Economic growth High unemployment elsewhere –workers into Europe, U.S.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Women at Work

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Cold War Allies: The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand The Former Dominions –Canada  welfare policies  French/English division  1982, new constitution –Australia, New Zealand  defense pact with U.S., 1951  take part in Korean War  Australia supports U.S. in Vietnam  from 1970s, more independent

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The "U.S. Century"? 1950s –policy of containment against Soviet Union Vietnam, 1960s –U.S. withdraws, 1975

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Culture and Society in the West Social Structure –White-collar sector expands –Crime rates increase –Racism, anti-immigration conflict

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Culture and Society in the West The Women's Revolution –1950s  more education  job opportunities  access to divorce  reproductive rights –Simone de  The Second Sex, 1949  Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Culture and Society in the West Western Culture –"Brain drain" to U.S. –Genetics, nuclear, space research –Pop art –Pablo Picasso A Lively Popular Culture –Vitality in popular culture

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Europe After World War II: A Soviet Empire The Soviet Union as Superpower –Expands in Pacific  Pacific Islands, North Korea –Influence via aid  Chinese, Vietnamese communism  Nationalists in Africa, Middle East, Asia –Cuba  alliance

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe Dominance of all but Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia East Germans protest, 1953 –suppressed –Berlin Wall, 1961  to stop flight to west

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe After 1956, death of Stalin –Hungary, Poland  moderate regimes  Hungary crushed –Czechoslovakia  liberal regime  suppressed, 1968

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe Poland –Army takes control, 1970s

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Evolution of Domestic Policies Cultural isolation

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions Orthodox Church –state control Jews restricted Party ideals dictate art –literature retains vitality –Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economy and Society Industrialization by 1950s –state control

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Economy and Society De-Stalinization –Kruschev, 1956 –attacks Stalinism –followed by stagnation Space, arms race Rift with China, 1950s Invasion of Afghanistan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: The Cold War and the World The cold war dominates much of the history of the period from1945 to 1992 –Some countries profit Commonalities –Secularism –Emphasis on science –Challenges to social conventions