Exploring Hungarian – United States S&T Cooperative Opportunities S&T Activity of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences: an overview by A. Meskó May 22-23, 2006 Budapest, Hungary

S&T Activity of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences: an overview The European vision Global positioning of S&T S&T in Hungary The Hungarian Academy of Sciences International cooperation EU Framework Programmes NATO Science for Peace

European Research Area (2000, Commissioner Busquin) Vision: make the EU the most developed knowledge- based society by 2010, and preserve/modernise the social welfare model and reduce environmental damage. S&T have priority (Barcelona, March 2002 investment should approach 3% of GDP) Assets: traditions, scientists, intellectual potential Hungary wants to harmonize national interests and priorities with European vision and interests but also wants to cooperate with the US, Japan, China, India etc. Lisbon strategy (March 2000)

1,12 1,16 1,26 1,31 1,54 1,71 1,80 1,89 1,93 2,15 2,37 2,51 2,59 2,62 3,15 3,49 4, Ireland Italy Czech Republic China Slovenia Luxembourg Netherlands UK EU-25 France Belgium Austria Germany US Denmark Japan Finland Sweden 0,32 0,38 0,56 0,58 0,61 0,68 0,77 0,79 0,95 1,05 0,00,20,40,60,81,01,2 Cyprus Latvia Poland Slovakia Greece Lithuania Estonia Portugál Hungary Spain S&T intensity (GERD as % of GDP), 2003

S&T intensity of Hungary from 1990 to 2004 (percentage of GDP)

The Hungarian Academy of Sciences Functions: Scientific workshop The nation’s counsel Public body, representing researchers

Institutes for mathematics and natural sciences Astronomical Institute (Konkoly Observatory) Chemical Research Centre (CRC) Computer and Automation Research Institute Institute of Nuclear Research Atomic Energy Research Institute Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics “Rényi Alfréd” Mathematical Institute Research Centre for Earth Sciences (RCES) Research Institute for Solid-state Physics and Optics Research Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science

Institutes for life sciences Agricultural Research Institute Balaton Limnological Research Institute Biological Research Centre (BRC) Institute of Ecology and Botany Institute of Experimental Medicine Research Institute for Plant Protection Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Veterinary Medical Research Institute

Institutes for social sciences and humanities Archaeology Regional Studies Art History Economics Ethnology History Legal Studies Linguistics Literary Scholarship Musicology Philosophy Political Sciences Psychology Sociology World Economics

Publication activity and performance of HAS institutes vs world average

Bilateral relations 79 scientific agreements (with academies and other partner organisations) in 52 countries Exchange programmes (year 2005) outbound: 708 research visitors; total: 9250 days inbound: 744 senior researcher visitors working visits; total 8143 days International cooperation

International cooperation (2) Membership: in about 120 international organisations, e.g.  UNESCO,  International Council of Scientific Unions,  International Atomic Energy Agency,  InterAcademy Panel,  European Science Fund,  Academia Europea, etc. Partnership in research programmes of international organisations (European Union, NATO etc.)

Hungarian participation in EU research 1992, 1993, 1994 dedicated actions for Central and Eastern Europe „PECO ” International Cooperation + all scientific activities except mobilitiy Full participation with „entry ticket” EU Membership 2004 FP1FP2FP3FP4FP5FP6 Budget of Framework Programme (Billion €)

HAS in FP5 – a success story 6 Centres of Excellence

Hungarian success rates in FP5 (Retained/un-funded)

EESD = Environment, Energy, Sustainable Development

Framework programmes in Europe ~ 4% of EU budget ~ 6 % of overall civil expenditure of EU ~ 25 % of „free” project money

Framework Programme 7: key areas

NATO – Science for Peace (SfP) Support for applied research and development projects in Partner countries, with the advice and assistance of colleagues from NATO countries. Since about 120 projects are supported in first phase Hungary is involved in 14 projects. Overall award for these projects: € 3,6 M Funding for the Hungarian partners: € 1,8 M HAS is involved in 8 projects out of 14 with 10 project participations Funding for Hungarian partners in these projects: € 1,14 M

Examples of SfP projects with HAS researchers Magnetic Nanocomposites for Transformer Cores and Magnetic Refrigeration Laser-Based Clean Technologies for Smart Sensor Fabrication High Beam Quality UV Lasers for Microelectronics Li-ion Rechargeable Microbatteries Integrable on Low Power ICs Ceramic Substrate with Controlled Piezoelectric Properties for Surface Acoustic Wave Applications Opto-electronic Devices Based on the Protein Bacteriorhodopsin Carbon Based Energy Storage

NATO Science Fellowships

NATO Collaborative Linkage Grants 1999 – 2002 Total number of research teams supported with Hungarian participation = 112 (6 % of grants awarded, all countries) Projects with HAS research teams supported = 26 ( 23% of Hungarian participation) Total amount awarded to research teams containing Hungarians = € 2.2 M (7% of grants awarded, all countries) Amount awarded to research teams containing HAS researchers= € 0.38 M (17% of all Hungarian grants)