Chapter 7 The Web and

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 2 Chapter Contents  Section A: Web Technology  Section B: Search Engines  Section C: E-commerce  Section D:  Section E: Web and Security

7 SECTION A Chapter 7: The Web and 3 Web Technology  Web Basics  HTML  HTTP  Web Browsers  Cookies  Web Page Authoring  HTML Scripts

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 4 Web Basics  The Web is a collection of document, image, video, and sound files  A Web site contains a collection of related information  Podcasts  RSS vs. Atom  Videocasting  Wiki  Web 2.0

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 5 Web Basics  A Web server accepts requests from browsers  A Web page is the product or output of one or more Web- based files displayed in a format similar to a page in a book  A Web browser is client software that displays Web page elements and handles links between pages  Every Web page has a unique address called a URL

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 6 HTML  Set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a Web page  Markup language  HTML tags  XHTML  DHTML  Ajax

7 HTML Chapter 7: The Web and 7

7 8 HTTP HTTP messages flow between a browser and a Web server.

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 9 Web Browsers  Help you access Web pages  Upgrade to new browser versions as they become available  Popular browsers: –Internet Explorer –Mozilla Firefox –Apple Safari –Netscape Navigator –Opera –Chrome

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 10 Web Browsers  Helper applications extend browser’s ability to work with file formats –A plug-in is a type of helper application –A player is any helper application or plug-in that helps a browser display a particular file format

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 11 Cookies  Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored in a text file on computer’s hard disk –Fix problems caused by HTTP’s stateless protocol –Relatively safe  Your computer does not have to accept cookies

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 12 Web Page Authoring  HTML conversion utility  Online Web authoring tools  Web authoring software –Adobe Dreamweaver  Text editor

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 13 HTML Scripts  HTML scripts can perform complicated tasks and respond to user actions –HTML forms –Server-side script –Client-side script –Java applet –ActiveX control  Digital Certificate

7 SECTION B Chapter 7: The Web and 14 Search Engines  Search Engine Basics  Formulating Searches  Citing Web-based Source Material

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 15 Search Engine Basics  A Web search engine is a program designed to help people locate information on the Web by formulating simple keyword queries

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 16 Search Engine Basics  A Web crawler is a computer program that is automated to methodically visit Web sites  A search engine indexer is software that pulls keywords from a Web page and stores them in a database  A search engine’s query processor looks for your search terms in search engine’s indexed database and returns a list of relevant Web sites  Link popularity is measured by quantity and quality of links from one Web page to others  A meta keyword is entered into a header section of a Web page when it is created and is supposed to describe the page contents –Keyword stuffing

7 Formulating Searches  Most search engines work with keyword queries in which you enter one or more words, called search terms Chapter 7: The Web and 17

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 18 Formulating Searches  A Boolean operator is a word or symbol that describes a relationship between keywords, helping you create a more focused query

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 19 Citing Web-Based Source Material To copy a passage of text from a Web page, highlight the text, click the Edit menu, then select Copy. Next, switch to your own document and use the Paste option.

7 Citing Web-Based Source Material Chapter 7: The Web and 20

7 SECTION C Chapter 7: The Web and 21 E-commerce  E-commerce Basics  Online Shopping  Online Auctions  Online Payment

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 22 E-commerce Basics  Business transactions conducted electronically over a computer network –B2C (business-to-consumer) –C2C (consumer-to-consumer) –B2B (business-to-business) –B2G (business-to-government)

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 23 E-commerce Basics  Enhances traditional business models  Styles of online advertisements –Banner ad –Hover ad –Pop-up ad Click-through rate  Ad-blocking software prevents ads from appearing on screens

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 24 Online Shopping In a typical shopping session, you connect to an online storefront and use navigation controls to browse through the merchant’s catalog. As you browse, you can drop items into your electronic shopping cart. At the checkout counter, you enter the information necessary to pay for the items you selected.

7 Online Shopping Chapter 7: The Web and 25

7 Shopping Carts Chapter 7: The Web and 26

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 27 Online Auctions  An online auction is the electronic equivalent to good old-fashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and auctions  You can expect to bid on new, used, closeout, overstock, or refurbished items at an online auction  Computer software takes the place of an auctioneer

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 28 Online Payment  The most popular ways to make online payments include submitting your credit card number directly to a merchant and using a third-party payment service such as PayPal  Online shoppers are justifiably worried that personal information and credit card numbers supplied in the course of an e-commerce transaction might be hijacked and used inappropriately

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 29 Online Payment  A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted between your computer and a Web site SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) TLS (Transport Layer Security) S-HTTP (secure HTTP)

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 30 Online Payment  Person-to-person payments are an alternative to credit cards –The payment service is the only entity that sees your credit card number  An electronic wallet is software that stores billing and shipping information

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 31 Online Payment An electronic wallet can transfer your billing and shipping information to a participating site’s e-commerce Web server when you check out.

7 SECTION D Chapter 7: The Web and 32  Overview  Netiquette  Technology

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 33 Overview  Any person with an account can send and receive e- mail messages

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 34 Overview  Basic activities –Writing –Reading –Replying to –Forwarding

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 35 Overview  attachments are files that travel with an message – software converts attachments to MIME  HTML-compliant software  Additional features

7 Overview Chapter 7: The Web and 36

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 37 Netiquette  Internet etiquette –Meaningful subject –Use uppercase and lowercase letters –Check spelling –Be careful what you send –Be polite –Be cautious with sarcasm and humor

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 38 Netiquette –Use smileys and text messaging shorthand cautiously –Use the Bcc function for group mailings –Don’t send replies to all recipients –Don’t send huge attachments –Explain attachments –Stay alert for viruses –Notify recipients of viruses

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 39 Technology  systems carry and manipulate messages – servers –Based on store-and-forward technology  Three types of systems widely used today: –POP –IMAP –Web-based

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 40 Technology  Web-based accounts allow you to use a browser to access your messages

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 41 Technology  A POP server is a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk – client software –SMTP server

7 SECTION E Chapter 7: The Web and 42 Web and Security  Cookie Exploits  Spam  Phishing  Fake Sites

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 43 Cookie Exploits  An ad-serving cookie can track your activities at any site containing banner ads from a third party

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 44 Cookie Exploits  A Flash cookie, also called a local shared object, is the Flash equivalent of a conventional Web cookie  A Web bug or clear GIF is typically a 1x1 pixel graphic embedded in a Web page or message. It is almost invisible due to its size and is designed to track who’s reading the Web page or message  Antispyware is a type of security software designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs, ad-serving cookies, and other spyware

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 45 Cookie Exploits  Individuals who prefer not to leave a trail of their Internet activities surf through an anonymous proxy service, which uses an intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page requests after masking the originating IP address

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 46 Spam  Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail about medical products, low-cost loans, and fake software upgrades that arrives in your online mailbox  A spam filter is a type of utility software that captures unsolicited messages before they reach your inbox

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 47 Spam

7 Chapter 7: The Web and 48 Phishing  Phishing is an based scam designed to persuade you to reveal confidential information, such as your bank account number or Social Security number  If you don’t want to become a phishing victim, be suspicious of messages that supposedly come from banks, ISPs, online payment services, operating system publishers, and online merchants

7 Fake Sites  A fake Web site looks legitimate, but has been created by a third party to be a very clever replica of a legitimate Web site  Pharming is an exploit that redirects users to fake sites by poisoning a domain name server with a false IP address Chapter 7: The Web and 49

7 Fake Sites Chapter 7: The Web and 50

Chapter 7 Complete The Web and