Oct. 11, 2010 Tasks Oct. 11, 2010 Tasks Obj: Know and understand the characteristics of living things. Obj: Know and understand the characteristics of living things. 1. New Seating Chart 2. Review Test A. Look at the questions you missed. A. Look at the questions you missed. B. Find what you didn’t understand. B. Find what you didn’t understand. C. Write down one question or vocabulary term you didn’t understand FOR EACH QUESTION YOU MISSED. D. Ask for clarification. D. Ask for clarification. E. Should you retake this test? If your test grade was a D or an F you are required to retake the test during tutor time or after school. E. Should you retake this test? If your test grade was a D or an F you are required to retake the test during tutor time or after school. 3. Biochemistry Clicker Quiz 4. Atomic Structure

Oct. 12/13, 2010 Tasks Oct. 12/13, 2010 Tasks Obj: Understand the structure of atoms. Obj: Understand the structure of atoms. Warm-Up: What’s the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? If you don’t know write, “I don’t know.” Tasks 1. Talk about warm up. 2. Atomic Mass and Number Notes. 3. Marble atoms activity. HW: Unit 3 worksheet #1

Atomic Number Atomic Number = # of protons in the nucleus Atomic Number = # of protons in the nucleusOr # of electrons outside the nucleus in a neutral atom Atomic Number is used to order all the elements in the periodic table

Mass # Is the mass of an individual atom Is the mass of an individual atom = number of protons + number of neutrons = number of protons + number of neutrons Atomic Mass is DIFFERENT than Mass #. Atomic Mass is DIFFERENT than Mass #. Atomic Mass = the AVERAGE mass of all isotopes in an element. Atomic Mass = the AVERAGE mass of all isotopes in an element.

Why is the mass of Carbon The.01 shows the average mass for Carbon. -It shows how often there are isotopes. -Most of the time the mass # is 12 with 6 protons and 6 neutrons. -Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. -its mass # is 13 -Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. -its mass# is 14

Identifying Atoms Activity On the back of sheet of your periodic table is a sheet. On the back of sheet of your periodic table is a sheet. Identify the 6 atoms that are already set up by filling in all the information in the table. Identify the 6 atoms that are already set up by filling in all the information in the table. (See board for example) (See board for example)

Create and identify your own atoms In the remaining spaces of your table create and identify your own atoms using the periodic table. In the remaining spaces of your table create and identify your own atoms using the periodic table. They must be different from the ones you identified already. They must be different from the ones you identified already.

October 14, 2010 Obj: Review Atomic principles for Friday Quiz. Obj: Review Atomic principles for Friday Quiz. Warm-Up: Get a book! Read p. 317! Define: Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak force, gravity in your notebookd Warm-Up: Get a book! Read p. 317! Define: Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak force, gravity in your notebookd HW Due: Have your Unit 3 worksheet 1 HW out. HW Due: Have your Unit 3 worksheet 1 HW out. HW: Study for quiz tomorrow HW: Study for quiz tomorrow

October 15, 2010 Obj: -Atomic structure quiz Obj: -Atomic structure quiz 12 questions – you may use your class notes and. -Chemistry Video -Chemistry Video Exit slip: write 5 facts you learned from the video HW Due: None HW Due: None HW: None HW: None Warm-Up : Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions at gold foil. He expected all of the ions to bounce back, but only some of them did. How did he explain this result? (See picture on board)

What is an atom? An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the chemical identity of that element. (write this) An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the chemical identity of that element. (write this) How do we define the chemical identity of something? How do we define the chemical identity of something? We look at what makes up an atom. We look at what makes up an atom.

What makes up an atom? Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. (write this) Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. (write this) How do we know this? How do we know this? JJ Thomson’s experiments with cathode ray tubes. JJ Thomson’s experiments with cathode ray tubes.

What is the structure of an atom? Nucleus – made of protons and neutrons Nucleus – made of protons and neutrons It’s the center of an atom. It’s the center of an atom. Electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels. Electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels. The number of electrons in the outermost level or shell determines reactivity. The number of electrons in the outermost level or shell determines reactivity. Ex) Carbon Ex) Carbon

Chemical Bonds Covalent Bond – when atoms share electrons. Covalent Bond – when atoms share electrons. Stronger than ionic bond – takes more energy to break it. Stronger than ionic bond – takes more energy to break it. Ex) Water Ex) Water Ionic Bond – when one atom takes an electron and another one gives one up. Ionic Bond – when one atom takes an electron and another one gives one up. Weaker than covalent bond Weaker than covalent bond Ex) NaCl (see page 37) Ex) NaCl (see page 37)

What is an isotope? Isotope – atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons. Isotope – atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive and break down at a steady rate over time. Some isotopes are radioactive and break down at a steady rate over time. Useful for carbon dating, detecting and treating cancer and tracing the movements of some substances in an organism. Useful for carbon dating, detecting and treating cancer and tracing the movements of some substances in an organism.

Group Work Everyone get a book Everyone get a book Pick a macromolecule: Pick a macromolecule: Carbohydrate (p. 46) Carbohydrate (p. 46) Lipid (p. 47) Lipid (p. 47) Nucleic Acid (p. 48) Nucleic Acid (p. 48) Amino Acid (p. 48) Amino Acid (p. 48) Read about your macromolecule. Read about your macromolecule. Build your macromolecule using toothpicks and marshmallows. Build your macromolecule using toothpicks and marshmallows. Share your macromolecule with your table. Share your macromolecule with your table.

Why is it called carbon-based life? Carbon can form four covalent bonds because it wants four electrons in its outer electron shell. Carbon can form four covalent bonds because it wants four electrons in its outer electron shell. Carbon acts as a backbone for most macromolecules. Carbon acts as a backbone for most macromolecules. Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur and nitrogen. Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur and nitrogen.

What is a monomer and a polymer Mono = one Mono = one Monomers are single units of molecules Monomers are single units of molecules Ex) glucose, a single amino acid Ex) glucose, a single amino acid Poly = many Poly = many Polymers are many monomers bonded together Polymers are many monomers bonded together Ex) starch, protein Ex) starch, protein

Carbohydrates Are used as the main source of energy for living organisms. Are used as the main source of energy for living organisms. Ex) fructose, glucose, galactose Ex) fructose, glucose, galactose Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for energy. Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for energy. Ex) cellulose Ex) cellulose

Lipids Used to store energy. Used to store energy. Also important for creating biological barriers called membranes. Also important for creating biological barriers called membranes. Help keep water out or in Help keep water out or in

Nucleic Acids Three parts: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group. Three parts: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group. Are used to store and transmit hereditary or genetic information. Are used to store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.

Proteins Control rate of reactions Control rate of reactions Ex) Enzymes Ex) Enzymes Perform cellular tasks Perform cellular tasks Ex) allow nutrients into cell and wastes out of cell Ex) allow nutrients into cell and wastes out of cell Helps transport nutrients Helps transport nutrients Ex) Red Blood Cells – hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen through the body. Ex) Red Blood Cells – hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen through the body.

October, 14, 2010 Obj: What’s so great about water? Obj: What’s so great about water? 1. Stations activity 2. Water notes

October 15, 2010 Obj: What do enzymes do? Obj: What do enzymes do?

Types of Inheritance Patterns Autosomal Dominant- Autosomal Dominant- when only one mutant gene is needed to express a particular phenotype. when only one mutant gene is needed to express a particular phenotype. mutant gene found on one of the 22 human non-sex determining chromosomes (autosomes) mutant gene found on one of the 22 human non-sex determining chromosomes (autosomes) Autosomal Recessive Autosomal Recessive X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Recessive: X-Linked Recessive:

Types of Inheritance Patterns Autosomal Recessive- Autosomal Recessive- when a copy of the mutant gene is needed from both parents in order for the phenotype to be expressed. when a copy of the mutant gene is needed from both parents in order for the phenotype to be expressed. Mutant gene found on one of the 22 human non sex-determining chromosomes called autosomes Mutant gene found on one of the 22 human non sex-determining chromosomes called autosomes X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Recessive: X-Linked Recessive:

Types of Inheritance Patterns X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Dominant: mutant gene is located on X chromosome. mutant gene is located on X chromosome. only one copy of the mutant gene is needed to express the phenotype only one copy of the mutant gene is needed to express the phenotype If mom has it, son will get it since he has only one x chromosome from his mom If mom has it, son will get it since he has only one x chromosome from his mom X-Linked Recessive: X-Linked Recessive: mutant gene is located on X chromosome mutant gene is located on X chromosome Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to express the phenotype Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to express the phenotype Possible to have carriers without phenotypic expression Possible to have carriers without phenotypic expression

Directions Take out a blank sheet of paper. Write your header on it. Write the title Puzzling Pedigrees. This is an in class assignment you will turn in for a grade. Take out a blank sheet of paper. Write your header on it. Write the title Puzzling Pedigrees. This is an in class assignment you will turn in for a grade. Part I Part I Write the letters A-H. Write the letters A-H. Each letter corresponds to a pedigree (think family tree). Each letter corresponds to a pedigree (think family tree). For each pedigree, identify which of the four patterns of inheritance is demonstrated. For each pedigree, identify which of the four patterns of inheritance is demonstrated. Part II Part II Study Pedigrees I and J) shown in Figure 2-3. Both pedigrees illustrate the same trait. Study Pedigrees I and J) shown in Figure 2-3. Both pedigrees illustrate the same trait. Try to identify the inheritance pattern illustrated by these two pedigrees. Try to identify the inheritance pattern illustrated by these two pedigrees. Explain your responses, stating specific examples to support your explanation. Explain your responses, stating specific examples to support your explanation. Part III – Read directions in the class set Part III – Read directions in the class set

Wrap Up Open your binder to the daily entries section. Under today’s date write Wrap Up & answer the following questions. Open your binder to the daily entries section. Under today’s date write Wrap Up & answer the following questions. How is the inheritance of genes on the X chromosome different than genes on the autosomes? How is the inheritance of genes on the X chromosome different than genes on the autosomes? HW: HW: Think about the digestive disease you want study for your presentation. Think about the digestive disease you want study for your presentation.