SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2 CHEMISTRY

UNIT OUTLINE CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY BOHR DIAGRAMS ATOMS versus IONS GENERAL TERMS PERIODIC TABLE BOHR DIAGRAMS ATOMS versus IONS NAMING COMPOUNDS IONIC, MOLECULAR, ACIDS CHEMICAL REACTIONS BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 5 TYPES of REACTIONS

IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . . You will get a PERIODIC TABLE!!! It is your best friend for this unit! You will need it each and every day. Take care of it, cherish it, appreciate it! In other words, do not leave it in a crumpled mess at the base of your locker or bookbag 

CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY MATTER DEFINITION: Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). What is not matter? Energy In chemistry, we often discuss microscopic matter, such as atoms, ions, elements, and compounds. MASS The amount of matter an object contains, measured in grams, g.

3 STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS Chemistry Subscripts Definite volume and shape LIQUID Definite volume, indefinite shape GAS Indefinite volume, indefinite shape Chemistry Subscripts (s) - solid (l) - liquid (g) - gas (aq) – aqueous, dissolved in water

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? DEFINITION: So, chemistry matters  The study of the properties and chemical changes/reactions of matter. So, chemistry matters  Examples of chemical reactions: Rusting Burning/Combustion

TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRY PURE CHEMISTRY APPLIED CHEMISTRY Theoretical work that involves DESCRIBING known substances and DISCOVERING new compounds for research purposes. APPLIED CHEMISTRY Practical work that involves searching for USES for known substances.

PHYSICAL PROPERTY A QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a substance that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction. Examples of Physical Properties State of matter Hardness Colour Malleability Ductility Odor Solubility Brittleness Conductivity Melting Point and Boiling Point

PHYSICAL CHANGE A change in state of matter of a substance. Examples of Physical Changes: Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS Condensation – GAS to LIQUID Sublimation – SOLID to GAS Deposition – GAS to SOLID Ex: H2O(s)  H2O(l)

CHEMICAL PROPERTY A BEHAVIOUR of a substance that can only be observed when a CHEMICAL CHANGE is taking place. Example: Magnesium ribbon burning 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s) + light energy The chemical property is that light is given off when magnesium is burned. CHEMICAL CHANGE A change in which ONE OR MORE NEW SUBSTANCES is formed. Iron Rusting 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g)  2 Fe2O3(s)

INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE Basically, a chemical change has occurred if the change is DIFFICULT TO REVERSE. However, there are many good indicators of a chemical change. Observe the following pictures, and take a guess at what is happening to indicate a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS COLOUR CHANGE

CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS BUBBLES OF GAS

CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION

CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF

MATTER FLOW CHART-Draw PURE SUBSTANCE COMPOUND ELEMENT ATOM MIXTURE HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE (SOLUTION) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

PURE SUBSTANCE Made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or ATOM COMBINATION Stays the same in response to a physical change Example: O2 H2O TWO TYPES: Element Compound

TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES ELEMENT A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE. It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM. Element SYMBOLS are always written with the first letter UPPERCASE and the second letter LOWERCASE. Element NAMES are always written in LOWERCASE letters. Examples: Na Li Ar W

TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUND A pure substance that CAN be broken down into its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE. It is made up of two or more different elements are chemically joined together in fixed proportions. Examples: NaCl C6H12O6 CH4 H2O

MIXTURE Contains 2 or more pure substances TWO TYPES: HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE AKA SOLUTION Have only one visible phase throughout Examples: air, apple juice, salt water HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout Soil, soup, fruitcake

DIATOMIC MOLECULES There are 7 elements that are diatomic, or found in pairs, in their natural state. These are: H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, Also P4 and S8 Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl

REACTANTS PRODUCTS CHEMICAL REACTION Starting Materials in a chemical reaction PRODUCTS New substances formed in a chemical reaction CHEMICAL REACTION Reactants go to form Products Example: C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)

MSDS – MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET